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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12- 1 Future Directions and Emerging Trends Chapter 12
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -2 Foresight’s Crime Prevention Panel ► Individuality and independence ► Information Communication Technology ► Globalization
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -3 Globalization ► Society is experiencing a period of unprecedented global change. ► Globalization has required law-enforcement agencies around the world to communicate with each other.
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -4 Transnational Crime Today’s organized crime groups are involved in: arms dealing environmental crime insurance and financial fraud trafficking and smuggling of humans money laundering bank fraud
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -5 Emerging Crimes ► Trafficking and smuggling of humans ► International trafficking in human organs ► Cyber-crime
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -6 Trafficking and Smuggling Humans Trafficking Humans Delivery of people; delivery paid for Trafficked persons repay debts to traffickers Not always transnational Smuggling Humans Transportation of individuals to a country Relationship between smuggler and victim ends once victim is delivered Always transnational
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -7 International Traffic in Human Organs ► The Current Reality – Supply and Demand ► Organs from Executed Prisoners ► Allegations of Kidnap and Murder for Organs
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -8 The Current Reality Supply and Demand Demand Supply ► Travel to other countries. ► Don’t ask questions about how organs obtained.
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -9 Organs From Executed Prisoners World Health Organization – against the sale of organs. China allows organs of executed prisoners to be harvested and donated if: no one claims the body; the executed prisoner has volunteered; or the family consents.
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -10 Allegations of Kidnap and Murder for Organs Children are kidnapped for adoption. Children are kidnapped or sold for sex trade. Children are abducted for their organs????
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -11 Cyber-Crime ► Computers as a Tool of Crime e.g. child pornography, criminal harassment, fraud, theft of intellectual property etc. ► Computers as an Object of Crime e.g. hacking or unauthorized use of computer systems, defacing websites, the creation and malicious dissemination of computer viruses.
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 12 -12 Comparative Criminology The cross-national study of crime. Crime rates are difficult to compare across nations because of: differences in crime definitions; diverse crime reporting practices; and political, social, economic and other influences.
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