1. Canada at the Turn of the Century (1900).

2. Canada and the United States (1900) United StatesCanada Ind. from GB:17761867 Method of Ind.:WarBNA Act Result:IsolatedMember of British Empire Population in 1900:76 million5.3 million Economy:IndustrialPre-Industrial/ Agricultural Leaders:William McKinleyWilfrid Laurier Major Wars Fought:31 Ethnic Make-up:North, West, SouthBritish, French, German European/African

3. Canada: The 2 nd Land of Opportunity “The 19 th Century was the century of the United States. I think that we can claim that it is Canada that shall fill the 20th Century.” – Wilfrid Laurier (Prime Minister, 1896-1911) Laurier appointed Clifford Sifton Minister of the Interior in 1896. Sifton created an Open-Door Immigration Policy. He wanted to attract farmers who could deal with hardships. Who, Why, How?

4. Canada: The 2 nd Land of Opportunity

5. Clifford Sifton used pamphlets, posters, and advertisements promising “FREE LAND”. Each family was offered 160 acres of land for $10. Clifford Sifton used pamphlets, posters, and advertisements promising “FREE LAND”. Each family was offered 160 acres of land for $10. Settlers had to cultivate 40 acres and build a permanent dwelling within 3 years. Settlers had to cultivate 40 acres and build a permanent dwelling within 3 years.

6. Railways and the Expansion of Canada By 1900 the Canadian Pacific Railroad was the only railroad traveling from Eastern to Western Canada. By 1900 the Canadian Pacific Railroad was the only railroad traveling from Eastern to Western Canada. Last Spike The symbolic last spike in the building of the CPR was driven by Donald Smith on Nov 7, 1885 What might me some problems with this?

7. Railways and the Expansion of Canada The CPR could not handle the # of settlers going west. The CPR could not handle the # of settlers going west. Did not reach all of the Land Grants. Did not reach all of the Land Grants. Could not handle the wheat production. Could not handle the wheat production. Transportation prices were too high. Transportation prices were too high.

8. Railways and the Expansion of Canada Prime Minister Laurier gave private companies permission to start building more railroads. He even gave them subsidies. Prime Minister Laurier gave private companies permission to start building more railroads. He even gave them subsidies. As a result of competition: As a result of competition: -1867 – 3,666km of track across Canada. -1914 – 49,588km of track across Canada. The location of the railroads played a huge role on the development of towns and cities. Why? The location of the railroads played a huge role on the development of towns and cities. Why?