1. Of the following, the major political opponent of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was
a. Pope Clement VII
b. Henry VIII of England
c. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
d. Francis I of France
e. Phillip II of Spain

2. Of the following, the major political opponent of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was
a. Pope Clement VII
b. Henry VIII of England
c. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
d. Francis I of France
e. Phillip II of Spain

3. Which of the following ws the primary cause of the Hapsburg-Valois feud, which dominated European international politics in the 16th century?
a. the differences in the religious positions taken by the two families during the Protestant Reformation
b. the refusal of Charles of Hapsburg to marry a Valois princess
c. competition for colonies overseas
d. the conflicting political ambitions of the two families
e. clashing territorial interests in southern Germany

4. Which of the following ws the primary cause of the Hapsburg-Valois feud, which dominated European international politics in the 16th century?
a. the differences in the religious positions taken by the two families during the Protestant Reformation
b. the refusal of Charles of Hapsburg to marry a Valois princess
c. competition for colonies overseas
d. the conflicting political ambitions of the two families
e. clashing territorial interests in southern Germany

5. Probably, the major attraction of Calvinism for French nobles was
A desire fro religious freedom
A form of revolt against the strongly Catholic monarchy
The Calvinist bent toward hard work and monetary reward
Fundamental disagreements with the Catholic Church
The fact that Calvin was French by birth

6. Probably, the major attraction of Calvinism for French nobles was
A desire fro religious freedom
A form of revolt against the strongly Catholic monarchy
The Calvinist bent toward hard work and monetary reward
Fundamental disagreements with the Catholic Church
The fact that Calvin was French by birth

7. The teachings of which of the following had the greatest impact on the Reformation in Scotland?
(A) Ignatius of Loyola
(B) John Calvin
(C) Martin Luther
(D) Desiderius Erasmus
(E) Ulrich Zwingli

8. The teachings of which of the following had the greatest impact on the Reformation in Scotland?
(A) Ignatius of Loyola
(B) John Calvin
(C) Martin Luther
(D) Desiderius Erasmus
(E) Ulrich Zwingli

9. The principle of “he who rules; his religion” was established by
The Edict of Nantes
The Papacy in Rome
The Geneva Convention
The Peace of Augsburg in 1555
The inquisition

10. The principle of “he who rules; his religion” was established by
The Edict of Nantes
The Papacy in Rome
The Geneva Convention
The Peace of Augsburg in 1555
The inquisition

11. Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary, Henry IV of France
Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary, Henry IV of France. have been called politiques because they believed that
(A) doctrinal unity was necessary to political unity
(B) religious questions were as important as political questions
(C) religion was the most important part of politics
(D) political leaders should not be involved in religious questions
(E) theological controversy should be subordinate to political unity

12. Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary, Henry IV of France
Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary, Henry IV of France. have been called politiques because they believed that
(A) doctrinal unity was necessary to political unity
(B) religious questions were as important as political questions
(C) religion was the most important part of politics
(D) political leaders should not be involved in religious questions
(E) theological controversy should be subordinate to political unity

13. .“Poverty, considered a virtue by the Catholic Church, became shameful to the Calvinists. The middle class found in Calvinism a justification for the pursuit of wealth.”
This passage implies that Calvinism may have been a powerful influence in the development of which of the following ?
Communism
Capitalism
Nationalism
Democracy
Science

14. .“Poverty, considered a virtue by the Catholic Church, became shameful to the Calvinists. The middle class found in Calvinism a justification for the pursuit of wealth.”
This passage implies that Calvinism may have been a powerful influence in the development of which of the following ?
Communism
Capitalism
Nationalism
Democracy
Science

15. Protestant values, sometimes differing for one sect to another, helped in the development of which of the following
capitalism, nationalism, monasticism
science, capitalism, nationalism
the coe princes of conciliar movement, science, democracy
nationalism, individualism, clerical celibacy
science, nationalism, monasticism

16. Protestant values, sometimes differing for one sect to another, helped in the development of which of the following
capitalism, nationalism, monasticism
science, capitalism, nationalism
the coe princes of conciliar movement, science, democracy
nationalism, individualism, clerical celibacy
science, nationalism, monasticism

17. Calvinism in France
Often served as a cloak for noble independence
Was rejected by the peasants
Had little impact on the nobility
Was rejected by the middle class and artisans
Became the official state religion

18. Calvinism in France
Often served as a cloak for noble independence
Was rejected by the peasants
Had little impact on the nobility
Was rejected by the middle class and artisans
Became the official state religion

19. Which of the following were strongholds of Protestantism by 1600?
Northern Italy and Southern Germany
Poland and Austria
Hungary and Northern Germany
Scandinavian and Northern Germany
Austria and Germany

20. Which of the following were strongholds of Protestantism by 1600?
Northern Italy and Southern Germany
Poland and Austria
Hungary and Northern Germany
Scandinavian and Northern Germany
Austria and Germany

21. At the end of the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV converted from Calvinism to Catholicism because he
Was threatened with death unless he converted
Had genuine differences with Calvinist teachings
Wanted to gain control over Paris
Had undergone a genuine religious conversion
Hoped to gain the support of Catholic Spain

22. At the end of the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV converted from Calvinism to Catholicism because he
Was threatened with death unless he converted
Had genuine differences with Calvinist teachings
Wanted to gain control over Paris
Had undergone a genuine religious conversion
Hoped to gain the support of Catholic Spain

23. In the early 16th century, one’s religion was determined by
One’s ruler
One’s personal conscience
The bishop of diocese
One’s parents
God

24. In the early 16th century, one’s religion was determined by
One’s ruler
One’s personal conscience
The bishop of diocese
One’s parents
God

25. When Henry IV remarked, “Paris is well worth a mass”, he was referring to
His prayers for the fall of the city during his siege of it
His expected vist during he Easter season
His conversion to Catholicism to gan popular favor
His conversion to Calvinism to gain support of the Huguenots
His visit with the Pope to gain absolution

26. When Henry IV remarked, “Paris is well worth a mass”, he was referring to
His prayers for the fall of the city during his siege of it
His expected vist during he Easter season
His conversion to Catholicism to gan popular favor
His conversion to Calvinism to gain support of the Huguenots
His visit with the Pope to gain absolution

27. The Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry IV in 1598, was on eof the most significant acts of his reign because of all the following reasons EXCEPT
It was one of the first governmental guarantees of religious freedom in Europe
It granted Huguenots civil and political equality with Catholics
It continued the bitter civil war between Catolic and Protestant
It brought peace to Frane
To ban private duels within the realm

28. The Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry IV in 1598, was on eof the most significant acts of his reign because of all the following reasons EXCEPT
It was one of the first governmental guarantees of religious freedom in Europe
It granted Huguenots civil and political equality with Catholics
It continued the bitter civil war between Catolic and Protestant
It brought peace to Frane
To ban private duels within the realm

29. The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was part of which larger conflict?
French religious wars of the late 16th century
Thirty Years War
English Civil War
War of Spanish Succession
War of Jenkins’ Ear

30. The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was part of which larger conflict?
French religious wars of the late 16th century
Thirty Years War
English Civil War
War of Spanish Succession
War of Jenkins’ Ear

31. The French Wars of Religion involved all of the following EXCEPT
Aristocratic resentment at royal authority
Antagonism between Calvinists and Catholics
A weakened monarchy following the death of Henry II
Spanish interference in French political affairs
The refusal of the politiques to view France as anything other than a purely Catholic nation

32. The French Wars of Religion involved all of the following EXCEPT
Aristocratic resentment at royal authority
Antagonism between Calvinists and Catholics
A weakened monarchy following the death of Henry II
Spanish interference in French political affairs
The refusal of the politiques to view France as anything other than a purely Catholic nation

33. The most successful politique was
Oliver Cromwell
Philip II of Spain
Mary I of England
Francis I of France
Elizabeth I of England

34. The most successful politique was
Oliver Cromwell
Philip II of Spain
Mary I of England
Francis I of France
Elizabeth I of England

35. Which event starkly marked the beginning of the French wars of religion?
The duke of Guise surprising a Protestant congregation in Champagne and massacring many worshipers
The issuing of the January Edict
The leak, to the Catholics, of the kidnapping plot to take Francis II from his Guise advisors
The death of Francis II
The crowning of Francis II as king of France

36. Which event starkly marked the beginning of the French wars of religion?
The duke of Guise surprising a Protestant congregation in Champagne and massacring many worshipers
The issuing of the January Edict
The leak, to the Catholics, of the kidnapping plot to take Francis II from his Guise advisors
The death of Francis II
The crowning of Francis II as king of France

37. .King Henry IV stunned France, Spain, and the pope by
Declaring France Protestant, but hoping it to remain politically weak
Executing two hundred militant Protestants
Declaring France Catholic but hoping it would remain politically weak
Publically abandoning the Protestant faith and embracing Catholicism
Publically abandoning the Catholic faith and embracing Catholicism

38. .King Henry IV stunned France, Spain, and the pope by
Declaring France Protestant, but hoping it to remain politically weak
Executing two hundred militant Protestants
Declaring France Catholic but hoping it would remain politically weak
Publically abandoning the Protestant faith and embracing Catholicism
Publically abandoning the Catholic faith and embracing Catholicism

39. . Which of the following is NOT true of the Edict of Nantes(1598)?
a. it was issued by Henry IV of France
b. it allowed the practice of Protestantism in France
c. it was responsible for the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
d. it was revoked by Louis XIV
e. it was accepted by the French Huguenots

40. . Which of the following is NOT true of the Edict of Nantes(1598)?
a. it was issued by Henry IV of France
b. it allowed the practice of Protestantism in France
c. it was responsible for the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
d. it was revoked by Louis XIV
e. it was accepted by the French Huguenots

41. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 did which of the following?
a. ensured Anglo-French cooperation throughout the 17th century
b. created a French church separated from papal authority
c. ended the War of the Spanish Succession
d. proclaimed the toleration of of Calvinism
e. precipitated the French Wars of Religion

42. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 did which of the following?
a. ensured Anglo-French cooperation throughout the 17th century
b. created a French church separated from papal authority
c. ended the War of the Spanish Succession
d. proclaimed the toleration of of Calvinism
e. precipitated the French Wars of Religion

43. The Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV of France did which of the following?
a. recognized the rights of the French Protestants
b. made public the king’s conversion to Roman Catholicism
c. settled the Bourbons on the French throne
d. ordered the Spanish out of France
e. announced French entry into the war between the Spanish and the Dutch

44. The Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV of France did which of the following?
a. recognized the rights of the French Protestants
b. made public the king’s conversion to Roman Catholicism
c. settled the Bourbons on the French throne
d. ordered the Spanish out of France
e. announced French entry into the war between the Spanish and the Dutch

45. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day in 1572
a. marked the renewal of religious civil war in France
b. resulted in the slaughter of Catholic leaders
c. marked the end of Protestantism in France
d. restored religious toleration in France
e. was perpetrated by Huguenot mobs

46. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day in 1572
a. marked the renewal of religious civil war in France
b. resulted in the slaughter of Catholic leaders
c. marked the end of Protestantism in France
d. restored religious toleration in France
e. was perpetrated by Huguenot mobs

47. Which of the following individuals said, “Paris is worth a mass
a. Cardinal Richelieu
b. Henry IV
c. Louis XIII
d. Catherine de Medici
e. Louis XIV

48. Which of the following individuals said, “Paris is worth a mass
a. Cardinal Richelieu
b. Henry IV
c. Louis XIII
d. Catherine de Medici
e. Louis XIV

49. Elizabeth I brought religious calm to England by
Allowing priests to marry
Authorizing a translation of scripture into English
Acknowledging the civil rights of Catholics
Requiring only outward conformity to Anglicanism
Giving religious freedom to all groups

50. Elizabeth I brought religious calm to England by
Allowing priests to marry
Authorizing a translation of scripture into English
Acknowledging the civil rights of Catholics
Requiring only outward conformity to Anglicanism
Giving religious freedom to all groups

51. Lady Jane Grey was
A wife of Henry VIII
The mistress of an 18th century French salon
A young woman whose relatives tried to seize the English throne in her name, following the death of Edward VI
A Shakespearian actress
A leader of the Gaelic movement in 20th century Ireland

52. Lady Jane Grey was
A wife of Henry VIII
The mistress of an 18th century French salon
A young woman whose relatives tried to seize the English throne in her name, following the death of Edward VI
A Shakespearian actress
A leader of the Gaelic movement in 20th century Ireland

53. The greatest achievement of the English sailor Francis Drake was
Attacking Spanish galleons and seizing gold and silver from the New World
Defending England against the Spanish Armada
Expanding British naval and commercial power
Succeeding as a favorite of Queen Elizabeth I
Becoming the second European commander to circumnavigate the globes

54. The greatest achievement of the English sailor Francis Drake was
Attacking Spanish galleons and seizing gold and silver from the New World
Defending England against the Spanish Armada
Expanding British naval and commercial power
Succeeding as a favorite of Queen Elizabeth I
Becoming the second European commander to circumnavigate the globes

55. Following the death of her half-sister Mary Queen Elizabeth of England pursued which of the following religious policies?
She followed her father’s example and refused to embrace either Protestantism or Catholicism
She followed Mary’s policy by keeping England within the Catholic Church
She began a massive persecution of Catholics on the charge of heresy
She broke with Rome and established a moderate Protestant church
She waited to make a decision on religious matters until many years into her reign

56. Following the death of her half-sister Mary Queen Elizabeth of England pursued which of the following religious policies?
She followed her father’s example and refused to embrace either Protestantism or Catholicism
She followed Mary’s policy by keeping England within the Catholic Church
She began a massive persecution of Catholics on the charge of heresy
She broke with Rome and established a moderate Protestant church
She waited to make a decision on religious matters until many years into her reign

57. .“There reigneth all abuse, carnal liberty, enormity, sin and Babylonian confusion. Take away kings, princes, rulers, magistrates, judges, and such estates of God’s order, no man shall sleep in his own house or bed unskilled, no man shall keep his wife, children or possessions in quietness, all things shall be common; and there needs must follow all mischief and utter destruction both of souls, good and commonwealth
The homily, read from a pulpit in Elizabethan England, was primarily an attempt to convince people to
Attend the services of the Church of England
Accept the social hierarchy
Accept Elizabeth as their queen
Challenge the status quo
Guard their family and property

58. .“There reigneth all abuse, carnal liberty, enormity, sin and Babylonian confusion. Take away kings, princes, rulers, magistrates, judges, and such estates of God’s order, no man shall sleep in his own house or bed unskilled, no man shall keep his wife, children or possessions in quietness, all things shall be common; and there needs must follow all mischief and utter destruction both of souls, good and commonwealth
The homily, read from a pulpit in Elizabethan England, was primarily an attempt to convince people to
Attend the services of the Church of England
Accept the social hierarchy
Accept Elizabeth as their queen
Challenge the status quo
Guard their family and property

59. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was the major body through which
(A) Spain strengthened its position against the Turks
(B) the house of Hapsburg gained control over Italy
(C) the Roman Catholic church reformed itself
(D) European states entered into economic cooperation
(E) Puritans and Catholics were reconciled

60. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was the major body through which
(A) Spain strengthened its position against the Turks
(B) the house of Hapsburg gained control over Italy
(C) the Roman Catholic church reformed itself
(D) European states entered into economic cooperation
(E) Puritans and Catholics were reconciled

61. All of the following were significant accomplishments of the English durning the reign of Elizabeth I EXCEPT
The Thirty-Nine Articles completed the English Reformation
Her foreign policy encouraged the independence of the Netheralnds, a commercial and colonial rival of Spain
She weakened the power of Spain, bastion of Catholic orthodoxy
She satisfied the Puritans who had criticized the Anglican liturgy as too close to Catholicism
She encouraged nationalism and the development of a unique culture

62. All of the following were significant accomplishments of the English durning the reign of Elizabeth I EXCEPT
The Thirty-Nine Articles completed the English Reformation
Her foreign policy encouraged the independence of the Netheralnds, a commercial and colonial rival of Spain
She weakened the power of Spain, bastion of Catholic orthodoxy
She satisfied the Puritans who had criticized the Anglican liturgy as too close to Catholicism
She encouraged nationalism and the development of a unique culture

63. A primary goal of Philip II of Spain was to
a. grant toleration to religious minorities
b. create a monarchy accessible to the people
c. reunite the Spanish and Austrian Hapsburg empires
d. strengthen the Spanish economy
e. maintain Spanish control of the Netherlands

64. A primary goal of Philip II of Spain was to
a. grant toleration to religious minorities
b. create a monarchy accessible to the people
c. reunite the Spanish and Austrian Hapsburg empires
d. strengthen the Spanish economy
e. maintain Spanish control of the Netherlands

65. The leadership of the Dutch revolts (1566-1648) sought all of the following EXCEPT
a. an alliance with the English Catholics
b. the end of the Inquisition
c. the end of excessive taxation
d. the elimination of the rule of foreign officials
e. an alliance with French Protestants

66. The leadership of the Dutch revolts (1566-1648) sought all of the following EXCEPT
a. an alliance with the English Catholics
b. the end of the Inquisition
c. the end of excessive taxation
d. the elimination of the rule of foreign officials
e. an alliance with French Protestants

67. . The 16th century revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by
a. an economy that was in recession
b. English support for Dutch rebels
c. strict language laws imposed by the Spansih that blocked the use of Dutch for official correspondence
d. the failure of the Netherlands and Spain to agree on how best to use the wealth created from the vast Spanish overseas empire
e. economic, poltical, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain

68. . The 16th century revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by
a. an economy that was in recession
b. English support for Dutch rebels
c. strict language laws imposed by the Spansih that blocked the use of Dutch for official correspondence
d. the failure of the Netherlands and Spain to agree on how best to use the wealth created from the vast Spanish overseas empire
e. economic, poltical, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain

69. Which of the following was a major result of the Thirty Years War(1618-1648)?
a. the long term strengthening of the Holy Roman Emperor’s authority
b. the banning of Calvinism in the German states
c. establishment of strong Russian influence in the northern German states
d. the loss of as much as one-third of the German speaking population through war, plague, and starvation
e. the encouragement of rapid economic development in many German speaking cities

70. Which of the following was a major result of the Thirty Years War(1618-1648)?
a. the long term strengthening of the Holy Roman Emperor’s authority
b. the banning of Calvinism in the German states
c. establishment of strong Russian influence in the northern German states
d. the loss of as much as one-third of the German speaking population through war, plague, and starvation
e. the encouragement of rapid economic development in many German speaking cities

71. Which was a result of the Thirty Years’ War
Germany replaced Austria as the predominat power in Central Europe
The Hapsburg reign ended in Austria
Germany was economicall devastated and it population decimated
The Frech lost all influence over German affairs
Sweden was victorious in all phases of the conflict

72. Which was a result of the Thirty Years’ War
Germany replaced Austria as the predominat power in Central Europe
The Hapsburg reign ended in Austria
Germany was economically devastated and it population decimated
The Frech lost all influence over German affairs
Sweden was victorious in all phases of the conflict

73. . In 1618, the Protestants of Bohemia openly defied the Holy Roman Empire by
Refusing to pay taxes
Murdering the emperor’s emissaries
Attacking its Catholic neighbor Bavaria
Throwing the emperor’s emissaries out a window
Making a deal with Richelieu of France for support of their cause

74. . In 1618, the Protestants of Bohemia openly defied the Holy Roman Empire by
Refusing to pay taxes
Murdering the emperor’s emissaries
Attacking its Catholic neighbor Bavaria
Throwing the emperor’s emissaries out a window
Making a deal with Richelieu of France for support of their cause

75. As a result of the Czech nobility by the Czech nobility in 1618
Bohemia gained independence from the Hapsburgs
The Hapsburg allowed Protestant worship
The native nobility was wiped out
The Bohemian parliament gained power over taxation
The Czechs gain independence after the Battle of White Mountain

76. As a result of the Czech nobility by the Czech nobility in 1618
Bohemia gained independence from the Hapsburgs
The Hapsburg allowed Protestant worship
The native nobility was wiped out
The Bohemian parliament gained power over taxation
The Czechs gain independence after the Battle of White Mountain

77. King Gustavus of Sweden entered the Thirty Years War in 1629 in order to
Forestall the entry of France into the conflict
Aid the Habsburg cause
Neutralize the potential threat from England
Defend Protestant interests iin the Holy Roman Empire
Keep Habsburg troops from directly entering Swedish territory

78. King Gustavus of Sweden entered the Thirty Years War in 1629 in order to
Forestall the entry of France into the conflict
Aid the Habsburg cause
Neutralize the potential threat from England
Defend Protestant interests iin the Holy Roman Empire
Keep Habsburg troops from directly entering Swedish territory

79. The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years War was to
a. defend Catholicism against German Protestants
b. reduce the power of the Hapsburgs
c. punish the Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphusbon on the Spanish
d. conquer Brandenburg-Prussia
e. place a Bourbon the Spanish throne

80. The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years War was to
a. defend Catholicism against German Protestants
b. reduce the power of the Hapsburgs
c. punish the Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphusbon on the Spanish
d. conquer Brandenburg-Prussia
e. place a Bourbon the Spanish throne

81. The long term effect of the Thirty Years War on the German states was to
a. restrict Lutheranism to southern German states
b. initiate a long era of peace and rapid economic recovery
c. encourage unification
d. devastate the German states economies
e. increase the power of the Holy Roman Emperor

82. The long term effect of the Thirty Years War on the German states was to
a. restrict Lutheranism to southern German states
b. initiate a long era of peace and rapid economic recovery
c. encourage unification
d. devastate the German states economies
e. increase the power of the Holy Roman Emperor

83. Which of the following is true of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden?
a. he was a devout Roman Catholic
b. he was a major participant in the Thirty Years War
c. he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino
d. he established Calvinism at the Swedish state religion
e. he set up an organization to mediate international disputes

84. Which of the following is true of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden?
a. he was a devout Roman Catholic
b. he was a major participant in the Thirty Years War
c. he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino
d. he established Calvinism at the Swedish state religion
e. he set up an organization to mediate international disputes

85. The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years War was to
a. defend Catholicism against German Protestants
b. reduce the power of the Hapsburgs
c. punish the Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphusbon on the Spanish
d. conquer Brandenburg-Prussia
e. place a Bourbon the Spanish throne

86. The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years War was to
a. defend Catholicism against German Protestants
b. reduce the power of the Hapsburgs
c. punish the Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphusbon on the Spanish
d. conquer Brandenburg-Prussia
e. place a Bourbon the Spanish throne

87. The long term effect of the Thirty Years War on the German states was to
a. restrict Lutheranism to southern German states
b. initiate a long era of peace and rapid economic recovery
c. encourage unification
d. devastate the German states economies
e. increase the power of the Holy Roman Emperor

88. The long term effect of the Thirty Years War on the German states was to
a. restrict Lutheranism to southern German states
b. initiate a long era of peace and rapid economic recovery
c. encourage unification
d. devastate the German states economies
e. increase the power of the Holy Roman Emperor

89. Which of the following is true of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden?
a. he was a devout Roman Catholic
b. he was a major participant in the Thirty Years War
c. he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino
d. he established Calvinism at the Swedish state religion
e. he set up an organization to mediate international disputes

90. Which of the following is true of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden?
a. he was a devout Roman Catholic
b. he was a major participant in the Thirty Years War
c. he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino
d. he established Calvinism at the Swedish state religion
e. he set up an organization to mediate international disputes

91. During the Thirty Years War, France pursued a policy of
a. supporting the Hapsburgs against the Protestant princes and rulers
b. allowing French Protestants to fight for the Protestants even though the monarchy supported the Roman Catholics
c. supporting the Protestant princes and rulers against the Hapsburgs
d. remaining neutral
e. opposing England in order to recapture Normandy

92. During the Thirty Years War, France pursued a policy of
a. supporting the Hapsburgs against the Protestant princes and rulers
b. allowing French Protestants to fight for the Protestants even though the monarchy supported the Roman Catholics
c. supporting the Protestant princes and rulers against the Hapsburgs
d. remaining neutral
e. opposing England in order to recapture Normandy

93. King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden entered the Thirty Years War in 1629 in order to
a. forstall the entry of France into conflict
b. aid the Habsburg cause
c. neutralize the potential threat from England
d. defend Protestant interests in the Holy Roman Empire
e. keep Habsburg troop from directly entering Swedish territory

94. King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden entered the Thirty Years War in 1629 in order to
a. forstall the entry of France into conflict
b. aid the Habsburg cause
c. neutralize the potential threat from England
d. defend Protestant interests in the Holy Roman Empire
e. keep Habsburg troop from directly entering Swedish territory

95. . The Peace of Westphalia of 1648
a. brought about the end of the title of emperor within the Holy Roman Empire
b. brought official recognition to Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire
c. officially recognized French absorption of large tracts of German territory
d. was brokered by the papacy
e. was a temporary measure that within a generation would result in new conflict in the empire

96. . The Peace of Westphalia of 1648
a. brought about the end of the title of emperor within the Holy Roman Empire
b. brought official recognition to Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire
c. officially recognized French absorption of large tracts of German territory
d. was brokered by the papacy
e. was a temporary measure that within a generation would result in new conflict in the empire

97. The Thirty Years War resulted from all of the following EXCEPT
a. the Counter Reformation
b. the growing power of he Habsburgs
c. Lutheran dissatisfaction with the Peace of Augsburg
d. Religious conflict in Bohemia
e. the expansion of Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire

98. The Thirty Years War resulted from all of the following EXCEPT
a. the Counter Reformation
b. the growing power of he Habsburgs
c. Lutheran dissatisfaction with the Peace of Augsburg
d. Religious conflict in Bohemia
e. the expansion of Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire

99. The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg(1555) was to
a. end the wars between the Hapsburgs and the Valois
b. end of the civil war between Lutherans and Roman Catholics in the German states
c. end the Thirty Years War
d. create better trade relations among German princes
e. facilitate diplomatic relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Turks

100. The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg(1555) was to
a. end the wars between the Hapsburgs and the Valois
b. end of the civil war between Lutherans and Roman Catholics in the German states
c. end the Thirty Years War
d. create better trade relations among German princes
e. facilitate diplomatic relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Turks

101. The Peace of Westphalia(1648) resulted in which of the following?
a. undisputed control over central Europe by the Hapburgs
b. the creation of a strong central government to rule the Holy Roman Empire
c. the guaranteed independence of numerous small German states
d. an end to the persecution of Protestants in the Hapsburg Empire
e. an end to the Hundred Years War

102. The Peace of Westphalia(1648) resulted in which of the following?
a. undisputed control over central Europe by the Hapburgs
b. the creation of a strong central government to rule the Holy Roman Empire
c. the guaranteed independence of numerous small German states
d. an end to the persecution of Protestants in the Hapsburg Empire
e. an end to the Hundred Years War

103. The religious conflicts of the 1500s and 1600s led to
a. religious toleration between Roman Catholicism and the major Protestant sects
b. a unified Christian society in Europe
c. unremitting religious riots and civil war in Spain
d. a virtual end to Hapsburg hegemony in Germany
e. the establishment of Roman Catholicism as the state religion of the United Provinces of the Netherlands

104. The religious conflicts of the 1500s and 1600s led to
a. religious toleration between Roman Catholicism and the major Protestant sects
b. a unified Christian society in Europe
c. unremitting religious riots and civil war in Spain
d. a virtual end to Hapsburg hegemony in Germany
e. the establishment of Roman Catholicism as the state religion of the United Provinces of the Netherlands