1. Reader Response Theory This is the easiest “lens” in terms of literary analysis and theory. This type of response focuses on the activity of reading a work of literature. Reader response theory states that we each bring our own personal experiences to the reading of literature. Reader response asks the reader to make personal connections to the text by asking and answering questions about the text that are meaningful to us personally. This is the type of writing you have probably been doing all throughout high school.

2. Reader Response Theory Reader response gives you a voice. As long as you can defend your opinion with textual support (using examples from the text) then it is valid. It isn’t an opportunity or an excuse to go “way out there” and make up crazy things that don’t exist in the text. However – reader responses are usually very different from each other. Because you are all different, your personal responses to literature will be very different!

3. Examples of reader-response type questions: “What do I personally think that this text means? “Have I ever had an experience like this? What did I learn from it?” “Have I ever felt the way that the characters in this text feel?” “What personal qualities or characteristics do I have that might be relevant to my reading of this text? “Are my morals reflected in this text? How are my morals the different or the same as those highlighted in the text?” “What issues are the most important in the text? Why do I think these issues are the most important?” “What words or phrases are most important to me? Why?”

4. Overnight, very Whitely, discreetly, Very quietly Our toes, our noses Take hold on the loam, Acquire the air, Nobody sees us, Stops us, betrays us; The small grains make room. Soft fists insist on Heaving the needles The leafy bedding, Even the paving. Our hammers, our rams Earless and eyeless, Perfectly voiceless, Widen the crannies, Shoulder through the holes. We Diet on water, On crumbs of shadow. Bland-mannered, asking Little or nothing. So many of us! So many of us! We are shelves, we are Tables, we are meek, We are edible. Nudgers and shovers In spite of ourselves. Our kind multiplies: We shall by morning Inherit the earth. Our foot's in the door. What is this poem about? Write 2-3 sentences explaining what you think this poem is talking about. Then pick out the stanza (verse of poetry) that is most meaningful to you – you like the sound of it, or it speaks to you – be prepared to discuss what you write!

5. The preceding poem is called “Mushrooms” and it was written by Sylvia Plath. How did you come to some idea of what this poem meant? Who you are combined with what you are reading causes you to create meaning. Let’s look at a chart that explains this concept

6. Reader-Response Diagram This diagram graphically illustrates the principles of reader-response theory. Under the “READER” column, consider what personal characteristics, qualities or history might be relevant to your reading of the text. On the right side, under the heading “TEXT” write what textual properties affect your reading (such as use of dialect, narrative structure, punctuation, sentence length.) After completing the right and left side, students then investigate how their personal response and the characteristics of the text create “MEANING” – they write their statements about what the text means to them in the middle of the chart. (Appleman) READERMEANINGTEXT

7. EXAMPLE Reader-Response Diagram READERMEANINGTEXT Here you write personal characteristics that relate to the text you are analyzing. Here you write characteristics of the text you are reading such as vocabulary, sentence length, type of literary work, punctuation Together these make up the way a reader gets individual meaning. Who you are and what you are reading results in meaning.