2. Introduction to Occupational Hygiene (OH)

3. Definition “The science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of factors and stresses (arising in or from the workplaces), which may cause sickness, impaired health and well being or significant discomfort, and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of a community” - ACGIH

4. The science devoted to recognition (or identification), evaluation and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace, which could impair the health and well being of people at work, while also taking into account the possible impacts on the general environment - BIOH “Detection and Assessment of Occupational Hazards”

5. Industrial Hygienist The person having a college or university degree or degrees in engineering, chemistry, physics, health physics, nursing, medicine, or related field, by virtue of special studies, training, experience, and/or certification has acquired competence in IH.

6. Scope of OH Anticipation Recognition Evaluation Control

7. Anticipation Design of process, equipment Future legislation/regulations Research

8. Recognition Raw materials, by-product, products Process and operations Records of accidents and diseases Walkaround – senses, talk to workers, etc Grab samples

9. Evaluation Purpose Sampling technique and strategy Instrumentation (Real time & non Rt) Standard, regulations etc

10. Control Principle of control measures Hierarchy of control measures ALARA

11. Benefits of IH Program Improve health and hygiene Reduce compensation Improve job satisfaction Reduce absenteeism Improve productivity Improve workers’ attitude towards management

12. Historical Perspective of OH in Malaysia Development of legislation Provisions of FMA, 1967 Industrial Hygiene Unit – 1975-1979 Industrial Hygiene Division – 1989- 1993 Industrial Health Division, DOSH - 1994

13. Objectives To create awareness among employers and workers on the importance of OH practices in industry to preserve and protect the health of workers from being affected by hazards in the working environment. To investigate the effect of specific hazard on the health of workers so that the short and long term measures can be taken to control the hazard

14. Activities Occupational Hygiene Inspection Monitoring of occupational hazards Biological monitoring Enforcement Investigation of complaints / accidents Training

15. Industrial Hygiene Instruments Noise level – Dosimeter, SLM Lighting – Luxmeter Heat – WBGT, Hygrothermometer Gas/Vapour/Fumes – Gas detector, Drager pump Dust – suction pump

16. Occupational Hygiene Inspection What are you going to inspect??? - Refer to the checklist on factory inspection

17. Industrial Hygiene Monitoring Monitoring of occupational hazards  Chemical  Biological  Physical  Ergonomic/mechanical  Psychosocial

18. Biological Monitoring Blood – Pb, Hg, Cd etc Lung Function Test HCP Textile workers Padi mill workers Timber processing workers Audiometric testing

19. Enforcement DOSH

20. Accident/Incident Investigation (refer notes)

21. Training 4 T’s  Target group  Type of training  Timing  Training techniques

22. Result and Action Medical surveillance Medical examination Removal Control Laws (USECHH 2000) Enforcement