1. SBP/2 over IEEE-1394 and future 1394 specifications Contact Info: Christopher Lee chris.lee@unh.edu University of New Hampshire InterOperability Lab - 1394 Consortium

2. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 2 What this presentation is… A general technical overview of the Serial Bus Protocol 2 Questions that this presentation attempts to answer –What is SBP/2? –Why is it needed? –What problems does it solve? –How does it work? –How is it implemented?

3. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 3 What is SBP/2? The Serial Bus Protocol 2 was created by the T10 SCSI group. The group noticed the trend of the computer industry moving to faster, smaller, cheaper. Standard SCSI interfaces were bulky, expensive, and difficult to manage. Termination was a large problem, as was the “fat” cables used by SCSI technology.

4. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 4 What is SBP/2? (cont) A parallel bus like SCSI is great for single peer to peer connections, but serial buses are better for peer to peer connections with multiple devices SBP/2 did not start originally for 1394, but modifications have made 1394 implementation anything but perfect

5. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 5 Why SBP/2? 1394 needed a protocol for mass data storage. There are no defined command sets or protocols for 1394 so a generic data transfer command set was designed similar to SCSI. SBP/2 is to allow different devices to exchange data and commands between each other.

6. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 6 Why SBP/2? (cont) SBP/2 can be used for: –hard drives, –magneto optical (MO) drives, –digital cameras, –CD-ROMs, –DVD-ROMs, –mass storage devices, –any device that can implement SCSI commands

7. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 7 What problems does it solve? Ability of devices to identify themselves without prior knowledge To transfer data and commands abstractly, (encapsulated SCSI commands) Generic packet set of 1394 makes implementation of different protocols easier Enables devices to form large command task sets without transferring set beforehand Some security features via password login

8. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 8 How does SBP/2 work? Each capability of a node is designated with a logical unit number (LUN) –nodes may have up to eight (8) LUNs The commands for the target are kept in system memory of the initiator –the target uses a read request block to fetch the command (ORB) –the target uses a field in the ORB to determine the direction of information flow

9. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 9 Command Implementation All SBP/2 commands use the standard asynchronous packet transfers of read/write quadlet request/response, and read/write block request/response

10. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 10 Initiators and targets... A transfer involves only one initiator, but can involve more than one target. All commands and data are encapsulated within a packet known as an operation request block (ORB)

11. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 11 Address Pointers and Page Tables –SBP/2 standard address pointer »Last two bits not used, offset is higher –When a data block is fragmented, a page table may be utilized

12. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 12 ORBs There are several different types of ORBs –Management ORBs responsible for administration commands, such as login, logout, password management, and target lists –Dummy ORB blank ORBs used as a placeholder in a linked list –Command Block ORB actual command ORBs, encapsulated SCSI commands

13. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 13 ORBs (cont) All ORBs have the following fields in common –Notify bit advises the target whether or not completion notification is necessary –rq_fmt field specifies what type of ORB it is

14. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 14 ORB Format Four ORB type dependent fields Notify bit -> Last portion of field can -> vary in size

15. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 15 ORB Linked Lists One of the features of SBP/2 is the ability for ORBs to be formed into a linked list –Each ORB has a field that gives the address of the next ORB A target may fetch several ORBs and depending upon the node’s capabilities execute the commands in order or it may optimize the commands to make operation more efficient

16. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 16 ORB Linked Lists

17. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 17 Management ORBs Cannot be linked together Fields are function dependent login query logins reconnect set password logout abort task target reset

18. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 18 Management ORB Format –Notify set to 1 -> –Status block ->

19. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 19 Dummy ORBs Serve as placeholders in a command ORB linked list –can be used to initialize a target fetch agent Next_ORB pointer ->

20. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 20 Command ORBs Used to encapsulate data transfer or device control commands All command ORBs have a next_ORB field –This field permits ORBs to be put in a linked list Contains a field indicating the size of the data block to be transferred Direction bit –Used to determine whether it needs to read or write

21. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 21 Command Block ORB Format Next_ORB pointer -> Contains address of data buffer for command in -> command_block Encapsulated SCSI command ->

22. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 22 ORB Implementation ORBs (commands) are stored on the initiator in system memory Each node utilizes a doorbell register –The doorbell register is used to indicate to the target that the initiator has added ORBs to a suspended linked list any value written to the doorbell indicates the doorbell has been “rung” Each node has a next_ORB register –An ORBs address is written to this register prior to “ringing the doorbell”

23. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 23 Login An initator must login to a target before using a node’s resources –A password verification must take place –Using a login procedure, addressing issues in a dynamic environment are solved –Discovery of a node’s capabilities take place during login

24. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 24 Login ORB Format »Password -> »Address for response block -> »Notify, reconnect, and LUN -> »Password and response length -> »Status block address ->

25. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 25 Status Blocks A login ORB specifies the address in system memory that the target will use to store the status of command execution and/or completion The status response is dependent on the command ->

26. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 26 Passwords Each node has a set of two passwords –A master password cannot be changed stored in static memory can only be read when already logged in –Secondary password can be changed should be noted on the end product

27. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 27 Change Password Management ORB Format Changes secondary password –Uses login ID for verification New password -> Login_id of currently logged in initiator -> Status block address ->

28. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 28 Reconnect The login ORB specifies a reconnect time –If disconnected, the initiator attempts to reconnect within the time-out period with a reconnect ORB The reconnect ORB specifies the address of a status block that the reconnecting target writes to

29. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 29 Reconnect ORB Format <- Login_id that node received from login process ^ Status block address ^

30. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 30 Logout When an initator no longer requires access to a target’s resources, it shall signal a logout request Upon a successful logout, all resources are released Status block address ->

31. UNH InterOperability Lab - chris.lee@unh.edu 31 End Notes Current Microsoft implementation of SBP/2 –Uses a null password for login –Hard drives stay logged in –Printers log out after a print job –Notify is set at all times