1. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird

2. Shoe Activity Theme: Stereotypes
In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus explains to Scout, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view...until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" (36). You will examine a variety of shoes and envision what the owner would look like, such as their appearance, actions, etc. A stereotype is a generalized picture of a person, created without taking the whole person into account. Open-ended response: (Use R.A.T.S. to answer) What are some ways people make stereotypes about others here at OMS?

3. Story Elements

4. Harper Lee
She was born in 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama (the fictional “Maycomb, Alabama”)
Her father “Amasa” was a lawyer whom she deeply admired
Her mother’s maiden name was “Finch”
Her own childhood mirrors that of the character “Scout”
In 1960 she published her only novel – “To Kill a Mockingbird”
It received the Pulitzer Prize for Literature in 1961
Since 1960, “To Kill a Mockingbird” has never been out of print
At age 81, she is alive and resides in New York
She rarely makes public appearances or gives interviews

5. Authors write for several reasons.
Author’s Purpose
Authors write for several reasons. 
Many authors write to entertain people and make them laugh.  
Authors also write to persuade or convince their readers to believe in something.    
Sometimes authors write to inform or teach you about something.  
Write word summary about the author and her purpose for writing the novel.

7. Somber Serious Humorous (at times)
Tone
Somber Serious Humorous (at times)

8. Atticus uses formal speech
Language
Sometimes the language of Scout will be that of her as a child; other times, she will be speaking in the voice of an adult
Atticus uses formal speech
Calpurnia uses “white language” in the Finch house and switches to “black jargon” when amidst blacks
The Ewells use foul words and obscenities
Jem, Scout, and Dill will use slang words, typical of their age
Tom Robinson uses language typical of the southern black such as “suh” for “sir” and “chillun” for “children”
Various derogatory terms for blacks will be used such as “nigger,” “darky,” “Negroes,” and “colored folk” – Lee uses such language to keep her novel naturally in sync with common language of the times

9. Plot
Scout is a young girl growing up in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s who has adventures with brother Jem, and friend Dill as they try to sneak a peek at neighbor, Boo Radley.
Their father Atticus, a respected lawyer, is called on by the court to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who is wrongly accused of raping a white woman.

10. Conflict
Scout and Jem’s innocence and faith in people is threatened incidents that expose the evil side of human nature such as the guilty verdict in Tom Robinson’s trial and the vengefulness of Bob Ewell.

11. SETTING
Maycomb,
ALABAMA
Although slavery has long been abolished, the Southerners in Maycomb continue to believe in white supremacy.

12. SETTING

13. Businesses failed, factories closed People were out of work
Even people with money suffered because nothing was being produced for sale.
Poor people lost their homes, were forced to “live off the land.”

14. Compassion and Forgiveness
Themes
Racial Prejudice
Stereotypes
Youth/ Growing up
Social Snobbery
Courage
Compassion and Forgiveness
Family
Social Classes
Fear
Morality
Justice
Equality
Women’s Roles

15. Themes
Give examples of how each of the following themes are revealed to the reader in Part One. (Includes
examples of particular characters who reveal this theme to the reader by their actions or dialogue.)
• Racism/Prejudice (all chapters)
• Injustice (chapter 1, 5, 9)
• Poverty/Class Structure (chapters 1-5)
• Growing Up (all chapters)
• Courage (many chapters - mainly 11)

17. Social Class in the Novel
This is probably similar to how class structure existed during the 1930’s in the South. The wealthy, although fewest in number, were most powerful. The blacks, although great in number, were lowest on the class ladder, and thus, had the least privileges.
Examples of each social class:
Wealthy - Finches
Country Folk - Cunninghams
“White Trash” – Ewells
Black Community – Tom Robinson

18. Living in a World of Discrimination
A cafe near the tobacco market. (Signs: Separate doors for "White" and for "Colored.“) North Carolina, 1940

19. Race Relations Life During the 1930s
Nine black teenagers are falsely charged with raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama; eight are convicted and sentenced to death
The U.S. Supreme Court reverses their convictions because their constitutional rights had been violated
The teens are tried for a second time, and are again found guilty
The Supreme Court reverses the convictions again
Eventually, four of the defendants are freed; the other five serve prison terms
The last Scottsboro defendant was paroled in 1950
It was virtually impossible for a black to receive a fair trial

20. Legal Issues of the 1930’s which impact the story
Women given the vote in 1920
Juries were MALE and WHITE
“Fair trial” did not include acceptance of a black man’s word against a white man’s

21. Life During the 1930s
The Great Depression sweeps the nation – Many families do not even have money for basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter.
The per capita income for families in Alabama (and Oklahoma) is $ $250 a year
Many southern blacks pick cotton for a living
Franklin D. Roosevelt is President

22. Life During the 1930s Hitler is Chancellor of Germany
He believes that Jews, African Americans, and other races are inferior to Anglo-Saxons.
In 1936, Jesse Owens, a black American athlete, traveled to Germany to participate in the Summer Olympics.
Owens’ biggest competitor in the long jump was a German named Luz Long.
Despite racial tensions, the two became good friends.
Jesse Owens won the gold medal and Long won the silver.
Long was later killed during World War II, and Jesse Owens traveled back to Germany to pay his respects when the war was over.

23. Legal Segregation in Alabama, 1923-1940
No white female nurses in hospitals that treat black men
Separate passenger cars for whites and blacks
Separate waiting rooms for whites and blacks
Separation of white and black convicts
Separate schools
No interracial marriages
Segregated water fountains
Segregated theatres

24. Morphine: A Southern Lady’s Drug
1930s Typical Morphine Addict:
White female
Middle-aged or older
Widowed
Homebound
Lives in the south
Property owner
Began using morphine for medical reasons (pain relief)
In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” the Finch children will become acquainted with a morphine addict named Mrs. Dubose. Although only a fictitious character, she personifies the American morphine addict of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

25. Main Characters
Scout (Jean Louise Finch) – ten year old narrator of story
Jem (Jeremy Finch) – her older brother
Atticus Finch – Jem and Scout’s father, a prominent lawyer who defends a black man accused of raping a white woman
Arthur (Boo) Radley – a thirty-three-year-old recluse who lives next door
Charles Baker (Dill) Harris – Jem and Scout’s friend who comes to visit his aunt in Maycomb each summer
Tom Robinson – a respectable black man accused of raping a white woman
Calpurnia – the Finches’ black cook

26. Characters

27. Jean Louis Finch – “Scout”
The story’s narrator
Although now an adult, Scout looks back at her childhood and tells of the momentous events and influential people of those years.
Scout is six when the story begins.
She is naturally curious about life.

28. Scout’s Character Traits
Tomboy Impulsive Emotional Warm & Friendly Sensitive Adorable Gains in Maturity throughout the Novel

29. An attorney by profession Highly respected Good citizen
Atticus Finch
Father of Scout and Jem
A widower
An attorney by profession
Highly respected
Good citizen
Instills good values and morals in
his children.
His children call him “Atticus”
Honest
Typical southern gentleman
Brave
Courteous
Soft-spoken

30. Atticus Finch

31. Calpurnia
The Finch’s black housekeeper Has watched the children since their mother’s death Has been a positive influence on the children.

32. Arthur “Boo” Radley
An enigma An adult man, whose father has “sentenced” him to a lifetime confinement to their house because of some mischief he got into when he was a teenager. Has a reputation of being a lunatic Basically a harmless, well-meaning person Sometimes childlike in behavior Starving for love and affection Saves Jem and Scout from certain danger

33. Tom Robinson
A young, harmless, innocent, hardworking black man Has a crippled left hand Married with three children. Works on a farm belonging to Mr. Link Deas, a white man Will be falsely accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Ewell

34. Dill
A close friend of Jem and Scout Usually lives in Maycomb only during the summer (stays with a relative) Tells “big stories” Has been deprived of love and affection

35. Two Poor White Families: The Cunninghams The Ewells
Poor white family Hard-working Honest Proud Survive on very little Always pay back their debts – even if it is with hickory nuts, turnips, or holly.
Poor white trash Dirty Lazy Good-for-nothing Never done a day’s work Foul-mouthed Dishonest Immoral

36. Would never take anything with paying it back Respectful
The Black Community
Simple
Honest
Clean
Hard-working
God fearing
Proud
Would never take anything with paying it back
Respectful
Had stronger character than most of the whites
Oppressed Uneducated Discriminated against Talked about badly Deserve better than what is dished out to them by society

37. Plot

38. "Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy
"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird."

39. Symbolizes Everything That is Good and Harmless in This World
Symbolism
The Mockingbird:
Symbolizes Everything That is Good and Harmless in This World
The mockingbird only sings to please others and therefore it is considered a sin to shoot a mockingbird. They are considered harmless creatures who give joy with their song.
The mockingbird image or symbol appears four times in the novel.
Two characters in the novel symbolize the mockingbird: Tom Robinson & Boo Radley.

40. Chapter 1 Chapter 1 (p.7-19) Jem - arm broken at 13 Flashback!!!
Genealogy of Simon Finch eventual plantation owner Alabama
Atticus became a lawyer- first two clients hanged-
Maycomb- Hot- people move slowly
Scout's mother dies when Scout is 2 yrs. old
"Dill" (Charles Baker Harris) arrives.
"Boo" Radley- Kept in house- stabs father w/scissors, allegedly eats raw squirrels
Jem touches Radley house because of Dill's dare.

41. Chapter 1
FLASHBACK is a device used in movies or novels when a character refers and reflects on a moment from their past.
Examples:
The story begins with an injury: the narrator's brother Jem got his arm broken when he was thirteen.
2. The narrator says that if you want to get technical about it, everything began with Andrew Jackson, whose actions led their forefather Simon Finch to settle where he did.

42. Chapter 1 1. Scout Finch 2. Calpurnia 3. Atticus Finch 4. Dill
5. Jack Finch
6. Boo Radley
7. Jem
8. Alexandra Finch
9. Nathan Radley
In what state does the novel take place?
What was the dare Jem completed at the end of chapter 1?
12. What is the name of the town in which the Finch’s live?

43. Chapter 1 Activity
Describe the Radley’s house.
Describe Boo Radley.

44. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 (p.20-27) Scout's first day at school.
Teacher critical of Scout's reading ability.
Scout: Dewey Decimal System waving cards w/"cat", "rat", "man", etc. Told to stop writing since that wasn't done until 3rd grade.
Walt Cunningham no lunch- Scout's explanation gets her in trouble.

45. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Short Answer
1. Scout makes three mistakes during her first day at school. What are her mistakes, and why do they make Miss Caroline so angry?
Use R.A.T.S. to answer!

46. Chapter 3
Chapter 3 (p.27-36)
Scout's fight w/Walter Cunningham interrupted by Jem.
Walter pours syrup on vegetables. Scout's laughing corrected by Calpurnia.
Burris Ewell intimidates Miss Caroline until Little Chuck Little intervenes.
Atticus tells Scout to empathize w/Miss Caroline but they can go on reading.
Ewells: disgrace of county for 3 generations.

47. Chapter 2-3 Activity
Describe Scout’s first day at school.
Who does she meet?

48. Chapter 2-3
Chapters 2-3
List at least two things Scout gets in trouble for on her first day of school.
What are the Cunningham’s like?
Why can’t Walter Cunningham pass the first grade?
Who is Burris Ewell and what did he do to shock Miss Caroline?
5. What advice does Atticus give Scout to get along better with folks?

49. Chapter 2-3
“You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view—until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”

50. Chapter 4
Chapter 4 (p.37-45)
School is very boring for Scout who reads Time magazine at home.
Scout and Jem find things in the tree- Indian head, pennies.
Jem rolls Scout in a tire to the Radley's porch.
Jem, Scout, Dill make up a play about the Radleys-

51. Chapter 4
Where do you suppose the gum and the pennies are coming from? What makes you think so?
2. Describe the “Radley” game the children play. Did you ever play like this as a child? Share.

52. Chapter 4
Draw a picture or write a paragraph describing Scout, Jem, and Dill playing the “Boo Radley” game.

53. Chapter 5
Chapter 5 (p.46-54)
Mrs. Maudie raises flowers - 'foot-washing' Baptists - say she's going to hell.
Dill Harris- telling many tales about his dad.
Jem tries to get note to Boo with a fishing pole.
Told by Atticus not to put on the play about the Radleys anymore.

54. Chapter 6
Chapter 6 (p.54-62)
The 3 sneak at night into the Radleys to see Boo.
Last day of summer vacation so if they're killed, they only miss school. Jem loses his pants on fence.
Gambling w/matches- story to Atticus- Jem goes back for pants.

55. Chapters 4-6
Chapters 4-6
What was Boo like when he was a boy, according to Miss Maudie?
2. Why doesn’t Jem want to be a lawyer anymore?
3. Why does Jem go back to the Radley place in the middle of the night?

56. Chapters 7 Chapter 7 (p.62-68) Second grade for Scout.
Jem & Scout Mr. Radley fills tree w/cement.

57. What is an Inference?
Writers often do not state the way a character feels explicitly. Instead, writers will include details about how a character acts and readers must use these details to make inferences about the character’s emotions. When you infer, you use observations, prior knowledge and experiences, and details from the text to make connections and come up with ideas.

58. Draw and list all the objects found in the Radley tree knothole.
Chapters 7
Draw and list all the objects found in the Radley tree knothole.
Chapter 4 and 7
What can we infer about the original owner of these items?
Writers will include details about how a character acts and readers must use these details to make inferences about the character’s emotions.

59. Chapter 7 Items
-Ball of twine
-1st place spelling bee medal
-whole pack of gum
-2 soap dolls (one a girl who looks like Scout, one a boy who looks like Jem)
-Pocket watch with a knife at the end of the chain
Chapter 4 Item:
-Two pieces of Wrigley DoubleMint Gum
-Two polished Indian Head pennies (1900 & probably represent the years Nathan & Boo were born)
-Box made of tinfoil from gum wrappers

60. Chapters 8
Chapter 8 (p.68-78)
Scout thinks the world's ending. It's snowing.
Mr. Avery says "bad children like you make the seasons change.“
Jem and Scout make a snowman of Mr. Avery.
Miss Maudie's house catches on fire and burns.
Fireman save other houses.
"Boo" Radley puts a blanket around "Scout" who's watching the fire.

61. Chapters 8
Chapter 8
Draw a picture of Jem and Scout’s snow person based on the book’s description.

62. Chapters 7-8 Chapters 7-8 What do we learn about Jem’s pants?
What happens to the knothole?
Why is school cancelled?
What do Scout and Jem build in the front yard?
Who does it look like?
How do Miss Maudie and Atticus both react to the fire?
Why did Atticus think the children disobeyed him the night of the fire?

63. Chapters 9 Chapter 9 (p.79-93) Atticus is defending Tom Robinson.
Uncle Jack criticizes Scout's "cussing"
and gives Jem and Scout air rifles.
Francis- Scout's cousin- She sees him at Christmas dinner- he calls Atticus a "nigger-lover".
Scout ambushes Francis- Uncle Jack punishes her.
Atticus thinks Maycomb is prejudiced against Tom.

64. Chapters 9
Chapter 9
What do you think of Atticus? Is he a good man? Explain your answer with textual evidence from the book.
Describe Francis. Would you want to be his friend? Why or why not?  

65. Chapters 10
Chapter 10 (p )
Atticus "feeble"- nearly 50. Can't do "anything" (p.94)
Atticus says "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird.“
The kids (Jim and Scout) spot Tim Johnson, a rabid dog.
Calpurnia calls Atticus who arrives w/ the sheriff Heck Tate. Heck asks Atticus to shoot the dog and he does w/one shot.
Jem and Scout learn that Atticus doesn't brag about all his accomplishments.
Zeebo "collects" dog's body.

66. Chapters 11
Chapter 11 (p )
Mrs. Dubose plagues Jem until he destroys her camellias w/the baton he bought for Scout.
For punishment he has to read to Mrs. Dubose for a month and then one more week after that. Atticus explains after she dies that she was overcoming a morphine addiction. He says she had courage.

67. Chapters 9-11 Why are the kids ashamed of Atticus?
Why is it a sin to kill a mockingbird?
What is Atticus known for?
Why does Jem destroy Mrs. Dubose’s camellias?
What do we learn about Mrs. Dubose’s health?
What is Jem’s punishment for destroying the flowers?

68. Chapter 11
Chapter 11
What is real courage, according to Atticus?

70. Informational Text: The Invasion of Kudzu
Harper Lee talks about the kudzu-covered porch at Mr. Avery’s house. Read the student passage about kudzu. The following paragraph is an excerpt from a student's report about plant life the southern United States. After reading the paragraph, you will identify details that are unnecessary and explain why they should be removed.
On a separate sheet of paper, identify the sentences from the paragraph that are
unnecessary, and briefly explain why each one should be removed.

71. The Invasion of Kudzu In 1876, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hosted the Centennial Exposition in honor of the country’s 100th birthday. The Japanese constructed one of the most popular exhibits, primarily due to an amazing vine called kudzu. For centuries, the Japanese used the pea vine for many purposes, including medicine, but what attracted the Americans the most were the sweet-smelling purple flowers that covered the vine. The warm, moist climate of the southern states—from Georgia to Florida and north to the Carolinas—was the most hospitable part of the US for the vine. Temperatures in Georgia can reach into the 90s, and the humidity is often above 90%. Residents all over the southeast began planting kudzu. The vine’s success caught the attention of many, including Channing Cope who promoted its use for erosion control and animal feed, especially during the Great Depression. Because of the depression, many homes were left abandoned, so there was not anyone to care for them and keep the plants properly groomed. No one predicted, however, that the vine would end up taking over. The vines slowly engulfed pine forests, telephone poles, and even houses, leading to the destruction of native plant life. Pines are not the only trees in the South, however. There are about 250 species of trees in Georgia alone. As kudzu out-competed the local plants, it deprived them of nutrients and, especially, sunlight. Kudzu now covers over 7 million acres of land, and it continues to expand at the rate of 150,000 acres annually. That is almost one foot per day! Attempts to kill it have proven difficult, as it is immune to most herbicides; thus, kudzu continues to smother the southern states. Researchers continue to search for a solution to “the vine that ate the South,” but the answer is nowhere in sight.

72. Informational Text: The Scottsboro boys
Race Relations
Nine black teenagers are falsely charged with raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama; eight are convicted and sentenced to death
The U.S. Supreme Court reverses their convictions because their constitutional rights had been violated
The teens are tried for a second time, and are again found guilty
The Supreme Court reverses the convictions again
Eventually, four of the defendants are freed; the other five serve prison terms
The last Scottsboro defendant was paroled in 1950
It was virtually impossible for a black to receive a fair trial

73. Informational Text: The Scottsboro boys
Open-ended Question: How does this true story make you feel about racism? Use at least 3 examples from the text to support your answer. Use R.A.T.S. to answer the question. R- Restate A- Answer T- Textual Evidence ( At least 3) S- Summarize (Include your opinion)

74. Informational Text: The Scottsboro boys short Answer
Revise and re-write your open-ended response. Use R.A.T.S. to answer the question. You should have at least 5 sentences. (Re-write on the same paper!)
R.A.T.S.
R- Restate
A- Answer
T- Textual Evidence ( At least 3)
S- Summarize (Include your opinion)
How does this true story make you feel about racism?

75. Part II
Chapters 12-31

76. Chapter 12
Calpurnia takes Jem and Scout to her church where she talks "colored" dialect.
She learned to read.
She can understand Blackstone's Commentaries.  
Activity:
Pretend you are Calpurnia. Write a word summary of the day’s events.

77. Chapter 12 Activity Chapter 12 Where did Calpurnia take Jem & Scout?
2. Why did the pastor lock the doors to the church?
3. Who came to stay with the family?

78. Chapter 13
Chapter 13 (p )
Aunt Alexandria shows up to help Scout's behavior and keeps up tradition of "fine family.“

79. Chapter 13

80. Chapter 13

81. Chapter 14
Chapter 14 (p )
Aunt Alexandria wants to send Calpurnia away. She does not want the kids not to go back to her church.
Dill runs away from home because his mom remarries and neglects him. He hides under Scout's bed.

82. Chapter 13-14
Chapters 13-14
Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with the family?
True or False: Scout and Aunt Alexandra get along fine together.
3. Why do Jem and Scout get in a fight? What do the kids find under the bed
How does Jem break the code of childhood?
Why did Dill run away from home?

83. Chapter Questions
1. Where did Calpurnia take Jem & Scout? 2. Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with the family? 3. What do the kids find under the bed? 4. How does Jem break the code of childhood? 5. Why did Dill run away from home?

84. Group of men gather in Atticus' yard for a threatening purpose.
Chapter 15
Chapter 15 (p )
Group of men gather in Atticus' yard for a threatening purpose.
Jem says (shouts) there's a phone call.
Tom Robinson back in town-(jail)
Mob wants to lynch him-
Atticus stands up to them.
Scout saves Atticus by reminding Mr. Walter Cunningham about his entailment.

85. Chapter 15
Compare and contrast Haywood Patterson and the Scottsboro Boys’ experience with Tom Robinson’s in chapter 15.

86. Chapter 15
Compare and contrast Haywood Patterson and the Scottsboro Boys’ experience with Tom Robinson’s in chapter 15. (Use R.A.T.S. to answer!)

87. Chapter 15
1. Why did the first group of men come to the Finch’s home? 2. Why did Jem follow Atticus to town? 3. Who showed up at the jailhouse & confronted Atticus? 4. What was their purpose? 5. Who was able to make them leave the jailhouse? 6. How did this person get them to leave?

88. Atticus speaks: (theme: stereotypes) " stand in someone's shoes"
Chapter 16
Chapter 16 (p )
Atticus speaks: (theme: stereotypes) " stand in someone's shoes"
Everyone comes to the county seat for Tom Robinson's trial
Dolphus Raymond- lines up w/colored folks
Revered Sykes get the kids places in the colored balcony.

89. Chapter 17
Chapter 17 (p ) Mr. Gilmer- prosecutor (solicitor) Heck Tate describes Mayella's reported rapes and bruises. She was bruised on right side by left- handed man. Bob Ewell testifies- Tom Robinson the accused. Bob is left-handed. Mayella grows red geranium. The Ewells live next to the dump. Their water supply runs through it, their home was once a Negro cabin. (Handed down to them)

90. Tom Robinson's left arm is crippled--no muscles and 10 in. shorter.
Chapter 18
Chapter 18 (p )
Mayella called to the stand. She's 19 and a half, not too bright, and tries to keep clean. She tells her version of the story.
Tom Robinson's left arm is crippled--no muscles and 10 in. shorter.
Atticus trying to establish that Bob Ewell beat Mayella, or at least that Tom Robinson didn't.

91. Chapter 16-18
 Chapters
1. Why does Scout cry after returning home from the jail?
2. How does Jem’s treatment of Scout show his maturity?
3. What does Maycomb’s turnout for the trial imply about human nature?
4. Why is Scout confused after overhearing remarks about her father’s defense of Tom Robinson?
5. What does Atticus attempt to establish through Heck Tate’s testimony?
6. List at least 3 characteristics of the Ewells, as described in chapter 17.
What does Atticus attempt to establish through Bob Ewell’s testimony?
Atticus is able to get the jury to think about Mayella’s motivation for lying. What is that motivation?

92. Chapter 19
Chapter 19 (p ) Tom Robinson testifies- Did lots of chores for Mayella- (Busting up junk furniture for firewood) Mayella lures him in- Bob sees her kissing him and Tom runs for it. Under cross-examination Tom slips and says he felt sorry for Mayella. The all-white jury is immediately prejudiced against him for thinking he's better than any white person. Scout takes out Dill (from court) who's "sick" at the prejudice.

93. Chapter 19

96. Chapter 20
Chapter 20 (p ) Dolphus Raymond drinking "coke" allows other to think it's alcohol. (Scout and Dill return to court) Atticus- Says Mayella tempted a negro and beaten by left- handed man. No proof Tom is guilty or even that a rape occurred Everyone should be equal under the law.

97. Chapter 21
 Chapter 21 (p )
The kids go home for an hour- eat dinner- return and wait for jury's verdict.
The jury won't look Tom in the eye as he is found guilty.
The black people in the balcony stand up in respect as Atticus leaves the court.

98. Chapters 19-21
Chapters 19-21
Dill gets sick in the courtroom; what does Dolphus Raymond imply will happen when Dill gets older?
2. How does Scout know the verdict before it is read? 3. Why do the people in the balcony stand as Atticus walks past?

99. Reflecting on What We’ve Read so far… Chapters 1-4
As the novel begins, we are introduced to the town of Maycomb and its inhabitants through the recollections of the narrator, Jean Louise Finch (Scout).
1. What does Scout tell us about the history of the town? What is life like there when Scout is growing up?
2. What do we learn about the history of Scout’s family? How is this history linked with that of Maycomb?
3. Briefly relate the history of the Radleys. What do you find odd about them? In what ways do the Radleys differ from the Finches?
Dill’s curiosity about Boo Radley sparks a series of attempted encounters with this mysterious, invisible neighbor.
4. What do the children find so fascinating about Boo Radley?
5. What is the children’s motive in each of these incidents?
6. What evidence is given to illustrate that their actions are not going unnoticed?

100. Reflecting on What We’ve Read so far… Chapters 1-11
After finishing chapter 11, give your opinion of Atticus. Would you like to have him as a father?
As you finish chapter 13, record your reaction to Aunt Alexandra. What will the relationship between her and Scout be like, in your opinion?
In chapter 14, Dill explains to Scout why he ran away. Have you ever felt like this?
Describe your feelings at the end of chapter 22. Was this the verdict you expected?
Write down your immediate feelings after finishing the novel.

101. For your Viewing Pleasure…
To finish our novel unit, we will be watching the film version of “To Kill a Mockingbird”, as well as the movie “A Time to Kill,” a recent film production based on John Grisham’s novel, which deals with similar issues of race and justice.
Be prepared for some questions on the final exam on both of these movies!!

102. Holding Out For A Hero
"Holding Out For A Hero" One, two, three. Where have all the good men gone And where are all the gods? Where's the street-wise Hercules To fight the rising odds? Isn't there a white knight upon a fiery steed? Late at night I toss and turn and dream of what I need [Chorus:] I need a hero I'm holding out for a hero 'til the end of the night He's gotta be strong, he's gotta be fast And he's gotta be fresh from the fight I'm holding out for a hero 'til the morning light He's gotta be sure, he's gotta be soon And he's gotta be larger than life, larger than life
Somewhere after midnight
In my wildest fantasies
Somewhere just beyond my reach
There's someone reaching back for me
Racing on the thunder and rising with the heat
Isn’t there a superman to sweep me off my feet?
[Chorus:]
Up where the mountains meet the heavens above
Out where the lightning splits the sea
I could swear that there's someone somewhere watching me
Through the wind and the chill and the rain
And the storm and the raging flood
Oh, his approach is like a fire in my blood
I’ll meet a hero
And then we’ll dance 'til the morning light
Dreaming, he'll lead me
Held tight,
Tonight’s the night

103. Qualities of a hero
QUALITIES OF A HERO Think about what qualities are found in someone who is a hero. You might like to consider:
Strength Kindness Wisdom Bravery
Intelligence Age Danger Independence Goals Loneliness
Think about the main character in the song. How is the main character a hero? List the qualities you choose on the left side of the chart and your the right side of the chart.
Qualities of a Hero
Evidence

104. Plot Diagram

105. Symbolizes Everything That is Good and Harmless in This World
Symbolism
The Mockingbird:
Symbolizes Everything That is Good and Harmless in This World
The mockingbird only sings to please others and therefore it is considered a sin to shoot a mockingbird. They are considered harmless creatures who give joy with their song.
The mockingbird image or symbol appears four times in the novel.
Two characters in the novel symbolize the mockingbird: Tom Robinson & Boo Radley.

106. Symbolism