2. 6/9/2015Lecture I1 Physics 122, Fall 2012 Course overview

3. 6/9/2015Lecture I2 Introduction Instructor Prof. Regina Demina Office B&L 367 Phone 275-7357 Email profdemina@gmail.com Office hour Mon 3-4 pm

4. 6/9/2015Lecture I3 Novosibirsk

5. 6/9/2015Lecture I4 Objective of the course thorough understanding of the basic physics concepts ability to use them in applications

6. 6/9/2015Lecture I5 Sources Text book Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume II Forth Edition by Douglas C. Giancoli Class web site /www.pas.rochester.edu/~regina/PHY122 Lecture notes; Homework assignments Workshop modules Equation sheets for tests, test solutions Important dates and links

7. 6/9/2015Lecture I6 Workshops and Homework Solving problems systematically is important. Peer-lead study groups – workshops Participation in workshops will count 5% of your final grade. Workshops start next week Participation in workshops = 5% of your final grade, need to participate (not just attend!) in at least 10 workshops to get full grade. Homework problems are similar but not identical to workshop modules Homework problems = 5% of your final grade. Questions on workshop scheduling: "Dev Ashish Khaitan"

8. 6/9/2015Lecture I7 Midterm exams There will be two midterm exams during the semester. Both will count. There will be no makeup exam. You can bring a calculator, a pencil and a ruler. 40% of your grade.

9. 6/9/2015Lecture I8 Final Exam December 17, 7:15 pm Final exam is based on the entire course PHY122. Last homework will be based on the entire course to give you more time to prepare for the final. 40% of the final grade

10. 6/9/2015Lecture I9 Equation sheets No notes or equation sheets may be brought to exams. However, a sheet of useful equations will be provided during the test. You can view these sheets in advance, will be linked from course schedule on the web. Please note that past experience has shown that having equations available does not guarantee success -- understanding is the key.

11. 6/9/2015Lecture I10 Labs The laboratory is a required and integrated part of the course. A passing grade in laboratory is required to pass the course: 10% of the grade Questions should go to physlabs@pas.rochester.eduphyslabs@pas.rochester.edu NB. I am not allowed to reveal this person’s identity.

12. 6/9/2015Lecture I11 Grading Workshops:5% Homework:5% Hour Exams:40% Final Exam:40% Laboratory:10% Total:100% 90% or above:A 88-89.9 – A-85-87.9 – B+ 80% - 85% :B 78-79.9 – B-75-77.9 – C+ 70% - 75%:C 68-69.9 – C-65-67.9 – D+ 60% - 65%: D Under 60% :E

13. 6/9/2015Lecture I12 PHY122 too easy? You still have a chance to switch to PHY142

14. 6/9/2015Lecture I13 How to study for physics class Look through lecture notes first –In lectures I’ll give you all the information that you need to survive in this class Read the suggested sections from the text book –Read the summary first – concentrate on what’s important –Don’t overdo the reading part, try to understand not memorize –Pay attention to Figures, spend more time on them than on text Examples, try to work out the problem yourself first Equations (try to analyze, e.g. if the charge doubles the Coulomb force on it will double as well)

15. 6/9/2015Lecture I14 How to do physics problems Use the “How to do physics problems” guide posted on the course web site While doing first several homework assignments and workshop modules stick to it religiously This practice will help you during the tests PHY122 is a lot more abstract than PHY121 – well developed procedures will help you to get started

16. 6/9/2015Lecture I15 PHY 121 Kinematics – how do objects move? –Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, time Dynamics – why do objects move? –Mass, force  work –Conserved quantities Energy – potential and kinetic Momentum First step into micro world – kinetic theory –Mechanical laws work on molecules –Heat is a form of energy

17. 6/9/2015Lecture I16 PHY 122 What is the origin of forces? –So far we considered only one true force – gravity –Next step – electricity and magnetism Static – new conserving quantity – electric charge Dynamic – DC and AC Magnetic field Electromagnetic waves – light

18. 6/9/2015Lecture I17 Phases of matter Solid, liquid, gas Matter is built of atoms

19. 6/9/2015Lecture I18 Inside atoms Atoms have structure = nucleus + electrons Nucleus has positive electric charge Electron has negative electric charge Nucleus has structure = protons and neutrons Electron so far is believed to be elementary = unbreakable

20. 6/9/2015Lecture I19 Inside nucleus Protons and neutrons consist of quarks, called up and down quarks Quarks are believed to be elementary

21. 6/9/2015Lecture I20 Nature’s scales

22. 6/9/2015Lecture I21 My research - LHC Alps Large Hadron Collider located in Europe (France and Switzerland) Circumference 27 km; 7TeV(2010-2011)  8TeV (now)  14 Tev(2014) LHC has uncovered the mechanism behind mass - 2012 Discovery of particle known as Higgs boson Prof Hagen (Rochester) – one of the six people who predicted this mechanism

23. H   6/9/2015Lecture XII22

24. H    4l 6/9/2015Lecture XII23

25. 6/9/2015Lecture I24 Electricity There are two kinds of electric charges – positive and negative. Like charges (++, or --) repel, unlike charges (+-) attract.

26. 6/9/2015Lecture I25 Inside atoms Atoms have structure = nucleus + electrons Nucleus has positive electric charge Electron has negative electric charge (Q= -e) Nucleus = protons (Q=+e) and neutrons (Q=0) Electrons are much lighter and thus more mobile than protons or neutrons.

27. 6/9/2015Lecture I26 Electric charge The net charge is conserved. Electric charge is measured in Coulombs. Electron has negative charge (e=-1.60. 10 -19 C), nucleus – positive. Atom is electrically neutral. Nucleus is heavy, electron is light. Usually charge is transported by electrons. By acquiring more electrons bodies become negatively charged (Q= -N e. e) By loosing electrons bodies become positively charged (Q= +N e. e).

28. 6/9/2015Lecture I27 Insulators and conductors In solids atoms and their nuclei are “locked” in their position and hard to move. Insulators have complete or almost complete electron shells – these electrons are tough to move around. Conductors (usually metals) have one or two electrons on the outer shell – “free” electrons.

29. 6/9/2015Lecture I28 Induced charge Bodies can be charged by Conduction (direct contact) Induction – create charge separation –Break into pieces –“Ground“ one end – charge leaks into the Earth. Always think, where electrons went – they are the ones to move.

30. 6/9/2015Lecture I29 Electroscope Electroscope – a simple device to detect electric charge.

31. 6/9/2015Lecture I30 Test problem #1 Two electrically neutral materials are rubbed together. One acquires a net positive charge. The other must –A have lost electrons. –B have gained electrons. –C have lost protons. –D have gained protons.

32. 6/9/2015Lecture I31 Coulomb’s law F – force between two charges(N) Q – electric charge (C= Coulomb) r – distance between the two charges (m) k – constant ++ 1 2 12 -+

33. 6/9/2015Lecture I32 System of charges Calculate the net electrostatic force on particle 3. Input: –Q 1 = - 86  C= - 86. 10 -6 C –Q 2 = + 50  C= + 50. 10 -6 C –Q 3 = + 65  C= + 65. 10 -6 C –r 13 =60cm=0.60m –r 23 =30cm=0.30m

34. 6/9/2015Lecture I33 This week Sign up for workshops if you have not done so. Workshops start next week.

35. 6/9/2015Lecture I34 My research – getting inside atoms Fermilab 40 miles west of Chicago Tevatron – at the moment world’s 2 nd highest energy collider –2 teraelectronvolts –6.28 km circumference Top quark discovery - 1996