1. The Age of Enlightenment
SSWH13 b

2. SSWH13b
SSWH13: The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans
b. Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau and their relationship to politics and society.

3. What is Enlightenment?
Enlighten: to illuminate; to furnish knowledge to; to instruct
Enlightenment:
After the Scientific Revolution and the new ways of thinking, scholars and philosophers began to question old ideas about nonscientific ideas and theories: government, religion, economics, and education.
New intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems.
Also known as the Age of Reason

4. Five Concepts of Enlightenment Philosophers
Reason: truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking
Nature: what was natural was also good and reasonable
Happiness: rejected the medieval notion that people should find joy in the hereafter and urged people to seek well-being on earth
Progress: stressed that society and humankind could improve
Liberty: called for the liberties that the English people had won in their Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights

5. Government Philosophers
John Locke
English Philosopher
Limited Democracy (Constitutional Monarchy)
Two Treatises of Government
Natural Rights Philosophy
What Does John Locke Say? (The Fox Parody) - Duration: 3:01. by MrBettsClass 56,145 views

6. To summarize:
His work contributed greatly to expanding Enlightenment thought
Published Two Treatises of Government, 1690
Natural Rights Philosophy
All men are born equal
Government derives (receives) its right to govern from the people
Life, Liberty, Property – unalienable rights
Greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776

7. Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) 1694-1778
French Philosopher
Sent to Bastille in France
Exiled to England
Voltaire - Duration: 4:27. by AngelMelodyPhoto 7,301 views

8. Probably the most brilliant and influential of the philosophes
Published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy and drama
Wrote satires about clergy, aristocracy, government
Sent to prison (Bastille) in France
Exiled to England—made enemies there also
Never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech
In summary…
“I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

9. Jean Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 1762: published The Social Contract
Inspired leaders of the French Revolution
3 Minute Philosophy: Jean Jacques Rousseau - Duration: 2:46. by Alvin Lee 17,725 views

10. In Summary…. Born in Switzerland, later lived in France
Won recognition as a writer of essays
Strange, brilliant, and controversial
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
Only good government –freely formed by the people and guided by the “general will” of society (direct democracy)
Agreed with Locke: legitimate government – consent of the governed
Everyone equal, no titles of nobility
Influenced French Revolutionary leaders
In Summary….

11. The Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau
“I…therefore give the name “Republic” to every state that is governed by laws, no matter what the form of its administration may be; for only in such a case does the public interest govern, and the res republica rank as a reality…Laws are, properly speaking, only the conditions of civil association. The people, being subject to the laws, ought to be their author; the conditions of the society ought to be regulated…by those who come together to form it.”

12. Review
1. Define Enlightenment Following the Scientific Revolution: New intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems 2. Both Rousseau and Locke believed in democracy; but, they believed in different forms. Locke believed in limited (constitutional monarchy) democracy and Rousseau believed in ____________ democracy. 3. Both Rousseau and Locke believed in the Natural Rights Philosophy: all men are created equal. However, Rousseau believed that titles of nobility should or should not be eliminated? 4. He was exiled from France and sent to live in England.
direct
Should be eliminated
Voltaire

13. Two Treatises of Government Natural Rights Philosophy Sent to the Bastille in France “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” Greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 Greatly influenced the leaders of the French Revolution Never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech
Locke
Locke
Voltaire
Rousseau
Locke, Rousseau
Voltaire
Voltaire

14. Life, Liberty, Property – unalienable rights
Agreed with Locke: legitimate government – consent of the governed
Never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech
1762: published The Social Contract
Life, Liberty, Property – unalienable rights
Cannot be separated from
Rousseau
Voltaire
Rousseau
Locke
unalienable