1. Chapter 8: Section 1 The Drive for Reform
Today’s Objectives
Identify the causes of Progressivism and compare it to Populism.
Analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive Movement.
Evaluate some of the social reforms that Progressives tackled.
Explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through political reform.

2. Origins of Progressivism
The people of the Progressive Movement came from many walks of life.
Came from all political parties, social classes, ethnic groups, religions, etc
Shared a common belief that industrialization and urbanization created numerous problems
Similar to Populists=wanted to rid government of corruption, eliminate abuses of big business
Differed from Populists=populists consisted mostly of farmers and workers. Progressives consisted of the middle-class
Progressives provided solutions to America’s problems:
Government=targeted corrupt city officials and political machines
Social welfare=paved streets, clean drinking water, decent housing
Work conditions=child labor laws, harsh work conditions, reduce gap between poor and rich
Business=“bust the trusts”

3. Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform
Muckrakers=journalists/writers who uncovered problems and scandals within American society
Lincoln Steffens=managing editor of McClure’s (magazine)
Published Shame of the Cities
Exposed political corruption
Jacob Riis=photographer for the New York Evening Sun
Used photos to portray urban slum life
Published How the Other Half Lives

6. Progressives Reform Society
Social Gospel=people could make society “the kingdom of God”
Originated from Walter Rauschenbusch
Progressives wanted to reform society in many ways:
Education
John Dewey criticized American schools
Florence Kelley lobbied to create the U.S. Children’s Bureau=examines health and welfare of children
Social services
Settlement houses
Jane Addams becomes a leading figure in the settlement house movement
Work conditions
Compensation laws
Limited workday to 10 hours
Lochner v. New York will overturn work hour changes

7. City Governments Change
Reforming Government
City Governments Change
Galveston Plan
Commission form of local government
Prevented corruption of political machines
Election Reforms
Traditionally, party leaders selected candidates for local/state positions
Establishment of a direct primary allowed citizens to vote for candidates
Progressives gain power over elected officials (3 ways)
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Seventeenth Amendment is passed in 1913\
Direct election of senators

8. Section 1 Checkpoint Questions
What problems did Progressive reformers hope to solve?
What role did journalists and other writers play in the Progressive Movement?
How did Progressives work to help the urban poor?
How did Progressive reformers change local and state governments?