2. What You Need to Know ABOUT IVF 2

3.  Treatment of last recourse for infertility Causes of infertility  Childless couples i.e..man (male) and wife (female)  IVF has medical, legal, religious, ethical and moral aspects Introduction IVF Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 3

4. Introduction Causes of Infertility Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 4 Male Abnormal sperm production or function Problems with the delivery of sperm Overexposure to certain chemicals and toxins Damage related to cancer and its treatment, Female Ovulation disorders Uterine or cervical abnormalities Fallopian tube damage or blockage Endometriosis Primary ovarian insufficiency Pelvic adhesions Other Thyroid problems Cancer and its treatment Certain medications Other conditions –absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), –sickle cell disease, –kidney disease –diabetes,

5. Right to Life 5

6.  Human eggs and sperms are mixed in a laboratory  After fertilisation an embryo is formed: a new human being  This embryo is a person scientifically, ethically & legally as per the Constitution of Kenya  The right to life of this person is guaranteed by The Constitution of Kenya 2010 Article 26:1 & 2 26:1 Every person has a right to Life 26:2 The life of a person begins at Conception Right to Life The Concern Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 6

7.  Age of consent?  Informed consent?  Relationship to the IVF child- parenteral responsibility according to Children’s Act?  Commercialization?  Health Risks? Donor Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 7 Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)

8.  Storage and disposal?  Ownership?  Commercialisation?  Selective abortion?  Abuse in scientific research e.g. designer babies, chimeras, cloning etc..? Right to Life Concern Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 8 Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)

9.  Abnormal babies  Divorce of commissioning parents  Death of commissioning parents  Medical complications-Surrogate Mum  Multiple Pregnancies/Selective abortion Surrogacy Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 9 Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)

10.  Right to know the donor.; At what age?  What of the under age child?  Responsibility of the donor to the child?  Genetically transmitted diseases?  Risk of marrying close relatives if parentage is not disclosed? Children Rights Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 10 Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)

11. Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)  Is it a right for every couple to conceive their own baby?  If yes, according to Article 43a of constitution the government can be forced to offer IVF services to all infertile couples.  That makes the IVF bill a money bill (affect government spending)?  The egg donor who suffers complications can sue.  The IVF generated child can sue to know parent and get support.  Ownership of excess embryos in case of a completed family size, death or divorce? Legal Implication Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 11

12. Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)  IVF vs single men and women  IVF vs same sex unions  ( outlawed in Kenya)  IVF vs religious and cultural beliefs and practices Social utility Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 12

13. Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I)  Death of commissioning parents die before the birth of the baby?  Can baby inherit anything from commissioning parents estate?  Congenital abnormalities Origins - Who am I? Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 13

14. Harvesting of egg & sperm Mixing egg & sperm (fertilization) to form EMBROY CONCEPTION OCCURS HERE Embryo implanted into the Womb (mother or Surrogate) 9 months pregnancy Birth of baby Legal Implication Social Utility Origins (who am I) Death of commissioning parents die before the birth of the baby? Can that baby inherit anything from commissioning parents estate. Congenital abnormalities. IVF vs single men and women IVF vs same sex unions (outlawed in Kenya) IVF vs religious and cultural believes and practices. Is it a right for every couple to conceive their own baby? If yes, according to Article 43a of constitution the government can be forced to offer IVF services to all infertile couples. That makes the IVF bill a money bill (affect government spending) The egg donor who suffers complications can sue The IVF generated child can sue to know parent and get support Ownership of excess embryos in case of a completed family size, death or divorce Right to know the donor. At what age? What of the under age child? Responsibility of the donor to the child Genetically transmitted diseases Risk of marrying close relatives if parentage is not disclosed Selective abortion Abnormal babies Divorce of commissioning parents Death of commissioning parents Medical complication of surrogate mother Storage and disposal Ownership Commercialisation Selective abortion Abuse in scientific research eg designer babies, chimeras, cloning etc Storage and disposal Ownership Commercialisation Selective abortion Abuse in scientific research e.g. designer babies, chimeras, cloning etc Age of consent Informed consent Relationship to the IVF child- parenteral responsibility according to Children’s Act Commercialisation Health Risks Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 14

15.  Health Bill should be introduced first – it is comprehensive and covers IVF.  There are many alternatives to IVF e.g. adoption and Napro- technology that have fewer legal, ethical, moral and religious concerns.  Need to consult public and stakeholders. Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) 15 Recommendations

16. Thank You! 16 Kenya Christian Professional Forum (KCPF) Kenya Christian Professionals Forum, AEA Building, Next to Dental School, Valley Road, P O BOX 4223-00100, GPO Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: (+254)718 715 079 Email: info.kcpf@gmail.com/ info@kcpf.or.ke www.kcpf.or.ke