1. on Students’ Psychomotor
Instructional Technology in Technical College Classroom: Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Traditional and Blended Teaching Methods
on Students’ Psychomotor BY
Dr. (Mrs.) AYONMIKE, Chinyere Shirley
Department of Technical and Business Education,
Delta State University, PMB1 Abraka,
Delta State, Nigeria
Mobile:
 AND
OKEKE, Benjamin Chukwumaijem
(Professor of Technical Education)
President /Vice Chancellor,
Federal University, Gausau,
Zamfara State, Nigeria
Mobile:
A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TVET IN THE CARIBBEAN ORGANISED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF WEST INDIES FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, HOLDING FROM MAY AT HILTON ROSE HALL RESORT AND SPA , MONTEGO BAY, JAMAICA

2. INTRODUCTION
The outcomes of internal and external examination of students in technical colleges in Delta State have revealed a decline in the performance level in general and trade courses. This drastic fall in the performance level is traceable to many factors. The teaching methods employed by technical college teachers have also been implicated among the reasons why technical college graduates do not possess the required technical competency in their areas of specialization. The implication of these is that brick/block laying and concreting graduates are deficient in occupational skills. This study sought to determine the effects of lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods on students’ psychomotor performance in brick/block-laying and concreting in Delta State technical colleges.

3. Purpose of the Study
The major purpose of this study is to determine the effects of lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods on students’ psychomotor performance in brick/block-laying and concreting in Delta State technical colleges, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to:
Determine and compare the psychomotor performance of students taught brick/block-laying and concreting with lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods in urban technical colleges in Delta State.
Determine and compare the psychomotor performance of male and female students taught brick/block-laying and concreting with lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods in rural technical colleges in Delta State.
Determine main interaction effects of teaching methods, gender and school location on students’ psychomotor in brick/block-laying and concreting in Delta State technical colleges.

4. Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were tested in this study at 0.05 level of significance:
There is no significant difference in the mean psychomotor performance scores of students taught brick/block-laying and concreting with lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching method in Delta State rural technical colleges.
There is no significant difference in the mean psychomotor performance scores of students taught brick/block-laying and concreting with lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching method in Delta State urban technical colleges.
There is no significant main interaction effects of teaching methods, gender and school location on students’ psychomotor performance scores in brick/block-laying and concreting of Delta State technical colleges.

5. Scope of the Study
This study was delimited to the comparative effectiveness of three teaching methods such as: lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods on students’ psychomotor performance in brick/block-laying and concreting in Delta State technical colleges. It covered the three rural technical colleges and the three urban technical colleges in Delta State. The study covered eight operations selected in the National Technical Certificate (NTC) curriculum in brick/ block-laying and concreting.

6. Significance of the Study
The researcher believes that the findings of the study will contribute significantly to the advancement of knowledge through publishing of this work in national and international journals, national and international magazine and news media. Therefore the findings of this study will be of great benefits to: technical education teachers /instructors, technical college students, Federal/State ministry of Education, curriculum planners and developers, employers, future researchers, and the Nigerian government and nation.

7. Methods and Procedure
Pre-test post-test non equivalent group quasi-experimental research design was used for the study
The population of the study was 215 vocational year one brick/block-laying and concreting in the six government technical colleges in Delta State.
Census population was used therefore no sampling was done in the study.
the instrument for data collection was the Modified Brick/Block-laying and Concreting Competency Assessment Instrument (BCCAI). Test re-test method was used to ascertain the reliability of the modified BCCAI using data collected from 20 brick/block-laying and concreting vocational year one students from technical colleges in Edo State. Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to analysed the data and a reliability coefficient of 0.96 was obtained.
The experiment lasted for sixteen weeks. Data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation for answering the research questions and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.

8. FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Findings of the study revealed that students in experimental group 1, 2 and 3 that were taught brick/block-laying and concreting with lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods improved in their post-test psychomotor performance when compared with their pre-test. Therefore, it was concluded that lecture, demonstration, and blended teaching methods have significant effects on students’ psychomotor performance in brick/block-laying and concreting. However, blended teaching method was found to be the most effective teaching method when compared to lecture and demonstration teaching methods. Hence it was recommended, among others, that government should adequately provide the required training materials and human resources for effective teaching of brick/block-laying and concreting trades in particular and other technical trades in Delta State technical colleges.

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20. THANKS AND GODBLESS