RAIL OPERATIONS U M O D P C / /

RAIL OPERATIONS U M O D P C 612-501-01 / 502-01 / 503-02
Rail transportation has the capability to effectively and efficiently move large amounts of cargo over great distances. The rail transportation system is an integral part of the deployment process, serving as a primary mode of transportation for moving deploying unit equipment to the sea ports of embarkation. Rail is the preferred method for moving all tracked military vehicles and even wheeled vehicles, if the driving distance from the installation to the port is too great. During this lesson you will learn about the types or rail roads that support the deployment effort, the regulatory guidance that controls the process, and the responsibilities of individuals and organizations. Further, types of railway equipment will be examined, particularly their characteristics, advantages, and limitations.

References FM 3-35.4, Deployment Fort-To-Port
FM , Unit Movement Operations FORSCOM/ARNG Regulation 55-1, Unit Movement Planning TM , Application of Blocking, Bracing, Tiedown Materials for Rail Transport TEA PAM 55-19, Tie-Down Handbook for Rail Movements TB , Standard Characteristics for Transportability of Military Vehicles and Other Outsize/Overweight Equipment This slide shows some of the documents that apply to rail activity. In the center is the Equipment Register. As mentioned earlier, all the details on the cars is identified in this document. The document at the left, the intermodal register describes railroad owned pieces of equipment, like containers, that are not rail cars. To the right is the TEA provided As mentioned, this document is valuable and handy to use. The coated reference is an ideal size for keeping in the cargo pockets of a soldier’s BDUs. Realize, however, that there are other references as well. For example, the TB gives the standard characteristics for the transportability of military vehicles and other outsized and overweight equipment. The dimensions, weight, cube and other information is is identified in TOE line Item Number sequence. Further, Transportation Guidance Technical Manuals provide details on how to load particular pieces of equipment on different modes of transportation.

Surface Transportation
What if unit equipment is non-roadable?.... or is beyond organic lift capability…. or is beyond 400 mile motor march criteria? Generally a unit will use its own organic equipment to move from one place to another in a military convoy. This may be an active Army unit deploying to an aerial or sea port or a mobilized unit moving from its armory or reserve center to its mobilization station. However, the move may take an alternate form if the unit does not possess sufficient organic equipment or possesses equipment that is non-roadable. For example, a unit with large engineer equipment would have to be moved by other forms of surface transportation. Its equipment would certainly damage roadways, requiring movement by either commercial trucks or rail. Even wheeled vehicles would move by rail if the distance is more than a one day’s driving distance. This is called the “One Day” or “Four Hundred Mile” motor march criteria. …Then you must depend upon commercially provided service …. ….. like rail!

Responsibilities -- General
The deploying unit & installation both have planning and execution responsibilities for major rail activities Rail loading/unloading Restraining Material Rail site preparation Rail car inspection This graphic identifies the key players in the movement of units by rail. In the succeeding slides we will examine particular responsibilities of each. TRANSPORTATION CORPS US ARMY U M & O Railroad

Unit Responsibilities
Unit commander: Overall responsibility for preparing unit for rail operations Major unit responsibilities: Prepare rail movement plan Submits movement requirements to the ITO (AUEL to DEL/OEL to UDL) Planning for rail operations include the conversion of the Automated Unit Equipment List to the Deployment Equipment List. This specifies the equipment that a unit is allowed to take with it during a deployment. The more frequently a unit’s equipment information is up-dated, the more accurate the information is when an organization must deploy. Likewise, careful preparation of movement plans is also required. For reserve component units, planning from home station to mobilization station must be planned as well as any deployment movement planning. Installation Transportation personnel are available for assistance. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements be performed by the unit personnel. Units are required to conduct loading operations at the rail-head, to include the coordination of support. The latter includes such things as ITO personnel representation, food, medical support, and similar required assistance. Units also inspect empty rail cars in conjunction with the ITO. Although the ITO is responsible,it is imperative that the unit be there since they will suffer the problems when deficiencies exist. Prepare equipment for rail movement Load railcars (under the technical supervision of the UMC) Ref: FM , p.H-2

Unit Responsibilities (Cont)
Specific responsibilities: Appoint an OIC for the rail operation Designate safety officer Planning for rail operations include the conversion of the Automated Unit Equipment List to the Deployment Equipment List. This specifies the equipment that a unit is allowed to take with it during a deployment. The more frequently a unit’s equipment information is up-dated, the more accurate the information is when an organization must deploy. Likewise, careful preparation of movement plans is also required. For reserve component units, planning from home station to mobilization station must be planned as well as any deployment movement planning. Installation Transportation personnel are available for assistance. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements be performed by the unit personnel. Units are required to conduct loading operations at the rail-head, to include the coordination of support. The latter includes such things as ITO personnel representation, food, medical support, and similar required assistance. Units also inspect empty rail cars in conjunction with the ITO. Although the ITO is responsible,it is imperative that the unit be there since they will suffer the problems when deficiencies exist. Coordinate with Director of Public Works for blocking and bracing material Provide trained load teams

Ensure vehicles are properly prepared/configured Removing canvas and bows Securing moving vehicle parts Packing, crating, banding, and blocking and bracing secondary loads Planning for rail operations include the conversion of the Automated Unit Equipment List to the Deployment Equipment List. This specifies the equipment that a unit is allowed to take with it during a deployment. The more frequently a unit’s equipment information is up-dated, the more accurate the information is when an organization must deploy. Likewise, careful preparation of movement plans is also required. For reserve component units, planning from home station to mobilization station must be planned as well as any deployment movement planning. Installation Transportation personnel are available for assistance. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements be performed by the unit personnel. Units are required to conduct loading operations at the rail-head, to include the coordination of support. The latter includes such things as ITO personnel representation, food, medical support, and similar required assistance. Units also inspect empty rail cars in conjunction with the ITO. Although the ITO is responsible,it is imperative that the unit be there since they will suffer the problems when deficiencies exist. Use FORSCOM/ARNG 55-1 & SDDCTEA Pam 55-19 Coordinate logistical support for railhead ops Lighting, latrines, mess, and medical

Ensure tie-down teams have proper equipment Stage equipment Ensure sufficient numbers of cars are spotted Inspect rail cars Conduct safety briefings Prepare rail cars for loading Planning for rail operations include the conversion of the Automated Unit Equipment List to the Deployment Equipment List. This specifies the equipment that a unit is allowed to take with it during a deployment. The more frequently a unit’s equipment information is up-dated, the more accurate the information is when an organization must deploy. Likewise, careful preparation of movement plans is also required. For reserve component units, planning from home station to mobilization station must be planned as well as any deployment movement planning. Installation Transportation personnel are available for assistance. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements be performed by the unit personnel. Units are required to conduct loading operations at the rail-head, to include the coordination of support. The latter includes such things as ITO personnel representation, food, medical support, and similar required assistance. Units also inspect empty rail cars in conjunction with the ITO. Although the ITO is responsible,it is imperative that the unit be there since they will suffer the problems when deficiencies exist. Load and tie-down equipment on rail cars Provide all required HAZMAT documentation to ITO Ref: FM , p.3-2/3

Installation Transportation Office Responsibilities
Orders rail cars based on the deploying unit’s requirements. Computes railcars based on the shipping configuration of the equipment (need accurate DEL/UDL) and prepares Government Bill of Lading Official liaison with SDDC and the railway agent Designates installation load-out staging area Joint Inspection of railcars with railroad rep (for serviceability) prior to loading commencing Planning for rail operations include the conversion of the Automated Unit Equipment List to the Deployment Equipment List. This specifies the equipment that a unit is allowed to take with it during a deployment. The more frequently a unit’s equipment information is up-dated, the more accurate the information is when an organization must deploy. Likewise, careful preparation of movement plans is also required. For reserve component units, planning from home station to mobilization station must be planned as well as any deployment movement planning. Installation Transportation personnel are available for assistance. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements be performed by the unit personnel. Units are required to conduct loading operations at the rail-head, to include the coordination of support. The latter includes such things as ITO personnel representation, food, medical support, and similar required assistance. Units also inspect empty rail cars in conjunction with the ITO. Although the ITO is responsible,it is imperative that the unit be there since they will suffer the problems when deficiencies exist. Provides technical advice to units on blocking, bracing and tie down material Ref: FM , p.H-2 and FM ,p.3-3

Installation Transportation Office Responsibilities (Cont)
Provide spanners as required Notifies the Unit on type and quantity of railcars, and railcar arrival schedule (cognizant of scheduled arrival date as POE - as listed in TPFDD) Publishes/maintains rail loading schedule according to the movement order/directive Planning for rail operations include the conversion of the Automated Unit Equipment List to the Deployment Equipment List. This specifies the equipment that a unit is allowed to take with it during a deployment. The more frequently a unit’s equipment information is up-dated, the more accurate the information is when an organization must deploy. Likewise, careful preparation of movement plans is also required. For reserve component units, planning from home station to mobilization station must be planned as well as any deployment movement planning. Installation Transportation personnel are available for assistance. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements be performed by the unit personnel. Units are required to conduct loading operations at the rail-head, to include the coordination of support. The latter includes such things as ITO personnel representation, food, medical support, and similar required assistance. Units also inspect empty rail cars in conjunction with the ITO. Although the ITO is responsible,it is imperative that the unit be there since they will suffer the problems when deficiencies exist. Joint inspection or loaded railcars with railway agent to ensure compliance with Army Regulations, AAR loading rules, or host nation rail rules Provides DD Form 836,if necessary for HAZMAT Ref: FM , p.3-3 and H-2

Director of Public Works (DPW)
Provides B & B materials for deploying units Deploying units must determine requirements & provide in advance to the DPW. The DPW provides the blocking and bracing materials required to perform the loading of unit equipment. The amount of materials necessary has been determined based upon the information provided by the units. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements by unit personnel is extremely important. This graphic shows the blocking and bracing materials, called “Dunnage” for protecting and securing the equipment, cargo, and vehicles on the cars. Provides tools, potable end loading ramps and assistance as required Ref: FM , p.H-2, FM ,p.3-3 and FORSCOM ARNG Reg 55-1, p.46/47

SDDC Responsibilities
Obtaining the railcars and the routing from the railroad that is supporting the move. Advises ITO of route restrictions (height or weight) Units can request assistance through the SDDC Operations Center at Fort Eustis, VA Unit Movement Teams from Deployment Support Brigades (USAR) are available to be dispatched to support unit preparation for movement The DPW provides the blocking and bracing materials required to perform the loading of unit equipment. The amount of materials necessary has been determined based upon the information provided by the units. As mentioned earlier, the accurate calculation of necessary Blocking, Bracing & Tie-down Materials requirements by unit personnel is extremely important. This graphic shows the blocking and bracing materials, called “Dunnage” for protecting and securing the equipment, cargo, and vehicles on the cars. Request SDDC assistance through the UMC/ITO Ref: FM ,p.3-3

Rail Carrier Representative Responsibilities
Joint inspection with ITO rep before cars positioned at loading ramp. Inspection following railcar loading to ensure: Loaded railcars comply with AAR rules As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Final approval authority for accepting the rail loads

OCONUS RAIL OPERATIONS
A Movement Control Team (MCT) normally performs the functions associated with the installation (ITO [ordering railcars, liaison with HN railway agent, inspection of railcars, technical advice etc]) Area Support Group or Base Support Battalion provide blocking and bracing material and tools/assistance as required Unit determines movement requirements and submits them to the MCT Deploying unit prepares equipment (cleans and configures) - cognizant or pertinent regulations if crossing international boundaries - and loads equipment As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM , p.4-16 and FM , p.3-7/8

OCONUS RAIL OPERATIONS (cont)
MCT unit manages railhead ops in the marshaling and staging areas Deploying units provide drivers, tie-down teams, safety monitors, and other support personnel as directed Deploying unit documents its equipment and personnel for rail transport MCT unit consolidates and coordinates all rail movement with other en route nations and the carrier When rail is the primary means of deployment, the railhead is the POE As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM , p.4-16

REF: FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.30
Rail Load Planning TC-ACCIS/TC-AIMS II provides automated rail load planning capability Use FORSCOM Form R for manual load planning REF: FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.30

Railcar Requirements Rail cars are obtained by ITO in the types and quantities required, based upon the deploying unit’s requirements The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Deployment may be by commercial or ‘DODX’ railcars

The Official Railway Equipment Register
The Official Railway Equipment Register is used to determine the type of rail cars needed, and their associated capacity and dimensions The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Excerpts for Trailer Train & DODX railcars contained in TM

TM TM (Appendix H-1), contains DODX table used to determine the types of DODX rail cars needed, and their associated capacity and dimensions The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. TM (Appendix G), contains information on commercial special-purpose railcars

Types of Trains Carloads (part of carrier regular train service) - average speed of 13 mph or 312 miles per day Unit train - additional train If not carrying dimensional (high/wide loads) use an average speed of 22 mph or 528 miles per day For dimensional loads use the ‘carload’ speed for planning The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Ref: FM , p.H-3/4

Railcars There are several types of railcars
used for military exercises and deployments Open Top Cars Flat Cars The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Gondolas

Railcars (Cont) Closed Cars Box car Specialty Cars Multilevel
The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Heavy lift TOFC COFC

ITO Requests Rail Routing
from SDDC First Rail Line Spotting location Camp Swampy POE Second Rail Line Routing between a departing units origin and the destination must me determined. The ITO requests routing for the shipment from Military Traffic Management Command, which obtains routing from the servicing carrier. As noted on the slide, several rail companies may be involved, particularly if the movement covers a significant distance. SDDC obtains routing from rail company selected

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS ???

On Learning

On Learning Question 1: Who is responsible for obtaining rail cars for the deploying unit? Answer 1: The Installation Transportation Officer

On Learning Question 2: When railcars arrive on site,
who is responsible for inspecting the railcars prior to accepting the cars from the rail carrier? Answer 2: The ITO is responsible for the initial inspection prior to accepting the railcars

On Learning Question 3: Who is responsible for providing the deploying unit with spanners for rail loading operations? Answer 3: The Installation Transportation Officer.

On Learning Question 4: What established rules govern all rail movements in CONUS? Answer 4: Association of American Railways (AAR) rules

RAILWAY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Rail transportation has the capability to effectively and efficiently move large amounts of cargo over great distances. The rail transportation system is an integral part of the deployment process, serving as a primary mode of transportation for moving deploying unit equipment to the sea ports of embarkation. Rail is the preferred method for moving all tracked military vehicles and even wheeled vehicles, if the driving distance from the installation to the port is too great. During this lesson you will learn about the types or rail roads that support the deployment effort, the regulatory guidance that controls the process, and the responsibilities of individuals and organizations. Further, types of railway equipment will be examined, particularly their characteristics, advantages, and limitations.

RAILWAY FACILITIES Rail transportation has the capability to effectively and efficiently move large amounts of cargo over great distances. The rail transportation system is an integral part of the deployment process, serving as a primary mode of transportation for moving deploying unit equipment to the sea ports of embarkation. Rail is the preferred method for moving all tracked military vehicles and even wheeled vehicles, if the driving distance from the installation to the port is too great. During this lesson you will learn about the types or rail roads that support the deployment effort, the regulatory guidance that controls the process, and the responsibilities of individuals and organizations. Further, types of railway equipment will be examined, particularly their characteristics, advantages, and limitations.

Railyards & Tracks

Sidings Siding # 2 Siding # 1 Main Track = Switch

Spur Spur line Main Track = Switch

Switch Main Track Switch

Wye Layout Branch Line Wye Interchange Main Track = Switch

Combination Yard Layout
Siding # 7 Siding # 6 Loading Ramps Siding # 5 Siding # 4 Siding # 3 Siding # 2 Siding # 1 Main Track = Switch

Hank’s Yard (FEVA)

Interchange Interchange point - area where trains are handed off to other carrier

Railcar Components Railcar underframe

Railcar Components (Cont)
Body booster

Truck assembly

Automatic coupler

Association of American Railroads
The Association of American Railroads represents North America’s major railroads. The AAR strives to help make the rail industry increasingly safe, efficient and productive by conducting and coordinating research, development and other important rail development programs. It provides for a uniform rules for railway equipment, the loading of commodities, and particularly important for us, it establishes the rules governing the loading of DOD equipment and materials. Further, it assists shippers by ensuring and facilitating the seamless exchange of electronic information among railroads, their customers and suppliers. There you see the logos of some of these participants in the association: CSX Corporation, Norfolk and Southern, Canadian National, Burlington Northern, Kansas City Southern. There are others as well

Defense Freight Rail Interchange Fleet (DFRIF)
Flatcars: General Purpose Special Purpose Mainly used for over-dimensional equipment or to meet deployment time constraints Tank cars: General Purpose Special Purpose Boxcars: Special Purpose Refrigerated Misc cars: Escort Cabooses 6 Guard Cars Spec Lease TOTAL DODX:

Ref: FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.31
ASMP Railcar Requirements Part of DFRIF - sited at PPPs to support rapid deployment (restrictions on use) DA DCSOPS sets priority on which installations get railcars first. Ft Stewart 233 Ft Hood 185 Ft Carson 85 Ft Campbell 236 Ft Benning 62 AMCCOM Installations: 198 cars at 12 Ammo Plants Ref: FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.31

SDDC Managed Railcars Total rail fleet: Approximately 2,070
FT. CARSON 85 FT. CAMPBELL MCLB BARSTOW 85 CAMP LEJEUNE 43 FT. BENNING 34 62 FT. HOOD FT. STEWART FT. BLISS MCLB ALBANY 99 92 This show’s SDDC’s interchange rail fleet. The tank and flat cars are obviously the most important to deployers. The general purpose tank cars are designed for top or bottom loading and unloading and have a capacity of 20,000 to 20,600 gallons each. More importantly, you can see the pre-assignment of 100 and 140 ton flat cars at key installations and important defense locations. By pre-positioning, these cars will be more readily available to load and thus shorten the time required to have units ready to move to the ports. The figures for installations and other sites are in red for the 140 ton cars and light blue for the 100 ton flats. As an example, Fort Hood, Texas, has tonners and ton flat cars pre-positioned on the installation. Interestingly, the list on the lower right includes two “Schnabel” cars. This is a heavy duty railroad freight car, composed of two symmetrical halves that carry a load attached between the pivoting arms of each half of the car. The load and any accessories, such as suspension bars, become structurally a part of the entire car assemblage. In some cars, that portion including the load and arms can be hydraulically shifted horizontally or lifted vertically in order to clear fixed obstructions or equipment on an adjacent track. Obviously this is “nice-to-know” information that you can spring on an unsuspecting person at a cocktail party. They will marvel at your knowledge of the rail industry. 140 5 RAIL FLEET: TANK CARS: FLAT CARS: BOX CARS: REEFERS: CABOOSES: SCHNABEL: 375 1,477 30 9 6 2 566 - 140 TON FLAT RAILCARS 335 - 100 TON FLAT RAILCARS * PRE-ASSIGNED IN ORDER TO RESPOND TO CONTINGENCIES

Railway Equipment The next portion of this lesson will explore the characteristics for common types of rail cars and locomotives.

Flat Cars Ideal for transporting military cargo and vehicles
Equipment may be carried on DOD or common carrier flatcars The most militarily important rail car is the flat car. A flat car is a freight car normally with no supporting structure above load deck, except for bulkheads at ends of car in some types. However, there are multilevel- level flatcars for carrying lighter wheeled vehicles. As noted on the slide, the flat cars may be either cars owned by the Department of Defense or by commercial rail lines. In some cases a Depressed Center Car is required. These are a heavy duty flat car with load deck between both trucks at a lower level than load decks at ends of car.

DODX 40000 Series 68’ Flat Car 40000 Series 140 Ton Capacity
Only DODX railcar to move M1A1 The ASMP cars are frequently called “circus” cars. This example, painted red, shows a 68 foot series car. All the general purpose flat cars have steel decks, chain tie-downs, and container fittings. You can also see that these cars have integral spanners. The series flats are 68' long, and have a 140-ton capacity. They can carry two of any heavy tracked vehicle in the DOD inventory. The series flats are also 68' long, but have a capacity of only 92 to 107 tons, depending on car design and track capacity. They can carry one of any heavy tracked vehicle in the DOD inventory or any wheeled vehicle; their length and width make them ideally suited for carrying tractor-trailer combinations such as the HET or the Patriot Missile System.

DODX 41000 Series 68’ Flat Car 41000 Series 85-100 Ton
Most have spanners, chains & container pedestals The ASMP cars are frequently called “circus” cars. This example, painted red, shows a 68 foot series car. All the general purpose flat cars have steel decks, chain tie-downs, and container fittings. You can also see that these cars have integral spanners. The series flats are 68' long, and have a 140-ton capacity. They can carry two of any heavy tracked vehicle in the DOD inventory. The series flats are also 68' long, but have a capacity of only 92 to 107 tons, depending on car design and track capacity. They can carry one of any heavy tracked vehicle in the DOD inventory or any wheeled vehicle; their length and width make them ideally suited for carrying tractor-trailer combinations such as the HET or the Patriot Missile System.

DODX 42000 Series 89’ Flatcar 42000 - Series 85 -100 ton capacity
Used for wheeled, light tracked vehicles & containers Here is an example of the series flats. These cars are 89' long, and have a capacity of 85 to 101 tons, depending on car design and track capacity. As with the 68 foot cars, they have steel decks, chain tie-downs, container fittings and the integrated spanners. They were designed principally for carrying wheeled and light tracked vehicles. This rail car is ideal for transporting CUCVs, HUMMV, semitrailers, and similar trucks and wheeled vehicles. Chain tie-down with lift up container pedestals

DODX 42000 Series 89’ Flatcar (Cont)
Some have no integral spanners

Conventional Flat Cars Wire rope tie-down Block & brace
Stake pocket sides This shows a wooden deck flat car, not equipped with chains. Although the bulk of cars used will be chain tie-down configured, some of these will be necessary, particularly if we are involved in a major contingency and large forces will be deployed. These cars require the use of dunnage, blocking and bracing materials, wire rope and are, obviously, quite labor intensive.

Chain Tie-down Flat Cars Preferred type for unit moves
Wooden or steel deck Center or center and side chains Preferred type for unit moves (less B&B and quicker to load) The most useful cars are the tie-down cars. This slide shows an older center tied-down configuration, although multiple channels are also quite common. Unit Movement Planning doctrine requires the maximum use of commercial lift capabilities in CONUS for unit deployments involving movement of unit equipment. Maximum use of these capabilities will reduce wear and tear on tactical wheeled vehicles, minimize requirements for en route support, and reduce maintenance requirements at marshaling areas. Ref: FM ,p.3-3

Types of Flat Cars Side rails
Flatcars without side rails are easier to load, and wider vehicles more easily accommodated Ref: FM ,p.3-3

Bi-level Flat Cars Taller vehicles on upper level
The Multilevel car is a long flatcar designed with one or more deck levels in addition to the car's main deck. It was originally intended to be used to haul new automobiles and trucks from automobile assembly plants to dealers. However, it became immediately apparent that light weight military vehicles could easily be loaded on multilevel flat cars. As you see in this photo, the CUCVs have been positioned and secured on the upper and lower decks of this multilevel car.

Multilevel Flat Cars Ramps are used to load the upper levels
Small wheeled vehicles, protected Here is an example of a multilevel flat car, a “triple decker.”

Trailer on Flatcar (TOFC)
This graphic shows another example how the flat car can be effectively used. In this example you can how “Trailer on Flat Car,” ...TOFC, are configured. These trailers are lifted aboard specially equipped flat cars that have been permanently fitted with “fifth wheels” to support two trailers on a flat car.

Container on Flatcar (COFC)
COFCs are rail cars in a “Container on Flat Car” configuration for carrying the ubiquitous commercial containers. The deep well allows for containers to be held more securely and can be stacked two container high.

MHE Support (TOFC)

Boxcars US Boxcars in domestic service have a capacity of about 100k lbs., or over 3900 cu feet. Ideal for commodities requiring protection from weather or susceptible to pilferage: foodstuffs, medicines, electronics, spare parts and ammunition Commodities that require some sort of protection from the elements or are attractive to pilferers are best carried in box cars. Sizes range from 50 to 89 foot in length, with a variety of door opening widths.

Tank Cars Moving bulk liquid products requires the use of tank cars. These cars are available in a variety of sizes from eight to twenty thousand gallons. More than 170 thousand are currently in service and are owned by firms other than the railroads. In addition, SDDC has more than 300 tank cars in its Defense Freight Rail Interchange Fleet. The DFRIF will be explained in greater detail later in this lesson.

Gondola Cars If car sides are necessary to keep bulk loads from shifting, use gondola cars Gondolas are open top freight car with four sides, which do not have the capacity to unload, or “dump,” bulk materials through bottom of car. The configuration of these cars allows for bulk commodities to be loaded and secured with minimal tied-downs, the sides preventing shifting. Examples of suitable cargo are engineer materials, concertina wire rolls, CONEX containers and Milvans, Conex

Hopper Cars Cars can be either covered or open at the top Used for
transporting loose bulk commodities like gravel and coal Hopper cars are cars that are ideal for transporting loose bulk commodities, such as coal, grain or wood chips. The floor of the car slopes toward several hinged doors, that can be opened to allow the bulk materials to be discharged. These hinged doors in a closed position can be seen in the photo.

Switch Engines Used to switch rail cars in and out of a loading area.
As mentioned before, most installations have a utility railroad. These government owned and operated limited rail systems are operated by civilian personnel in support of the installation. During periods of mobilization and deployment, the utility railroad civilians may be augmented by soldiers. On an installation, these utility railroads depend upon “Switch Engines” to move rail cars in and out of a loading area. Once cars are loaded with the unit equipment and vehicles, the switch engines will again move the cars to a switching yard and subsequent link-up with the commercial carrier. Occasionally the term “Road Switcher” is used to describe a locomotive suitable for both switching and freight duties.

Line Haul Locomotives Virtually all locomotives are diesel-electric. These are essentially an electric locomotive, powered by a diesel engine that is connected to a generator or alternator. The electricity generated runs the traction motors that, in turn, power the axles. In the slide above, you see the ability to connect a number of locomotives and control them from the cab of one unit. This increases power, but reduces labor costs. The “Whyte system” classifies locomotives by wheel arrangement. The system gives a number for “leading,” “drive,” and “trailing wheels.” If there are no leading or trailing wheels, such as on most diesel electric locomotives, a “zero” is used in each case. There are usually either 2 or 3 axles per truck. As an example, a truck with 3 powered axles is called a C-truck and has 6 axles total. If the locomotive has two of these trucks, the Whyte system would classify it as a “ ” locomotive. Although diesel-electrics will be available and used in most part of the world, steam locomotives may be encountered in some particularly austere theaters

Caboose Not used on civilian trains Only used when escort required
The caboose is a freight-train car usually attached to the rear of a train for the use of trainmen in handling car records, giving and receiving signals, and performing other duties. If a guard car is not furnished for soldiers providing en-route security during a movement of military equipment, a caboose may be used for that purpose.

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS ???

On Learning

On Learning Question 1: What enhanced rail deployment capability does the Defense Freight Rail Interchange Fleet (DFRIF) provide? Answer 1: Pre-positioning of railcars at selected installations provides flexibility to quickly load military equipment for deployment operations.

On Learning Question 2: What type of railcar is ideal for
transporting wheeled and tracked vehicles and oversized equipment? Answer 2: Flat Cars

Rail Loading Requirements and Procedures

Preparing Unit Equipment for Rail Movement
The deploying unit is responsible for preparing its vehicles and equipment for rail movement The units are required to conduct the loading of their equipment and vehicles at the installation or other designated rail head. Well prior to the actual conduct of rail loading, however, units must have prepared personnel to perform the required tasks. Training should have included movement to the load site, the operation of a marshaling area, loading and tie-down procedures and techniques and other loading actions. Unfortunately, deployment exercises have proved that the lack of this training is a major deficiency in units. Once a deployment has begun, it is entirely too late to conduct training. Although they will not load the unit on the rail cars, ITO personnel are available to provide technical assistance and guidance to the soldiers actually performing the load-out. The last notation refers to that asset that is so valuable to the ITO during deployments: the Deployment Support Brigade. At the installations, people from these mobilized USAR units perform whatever actions are necessary to assist the ITO in getting units ready to deploy, augmenting the meager numbers of people available to the ITO. They are essential if the installation is to stage unit equipment appropriately, and out-load it on available transportation resources to get to the assigned seaports in a timely manner.

Ref: FM 4-01.011,p.3-3 and FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.30
General Guidance Don’t carry ammunition and fuel (as a secondary cargo) together on any vehicle of a rail movement Place warning placards on all sides of hazardous cargo loads Load unit equipment in organic vehicle to the greatest extent possible. Secure equipment loads properly Lock and seal sensitive materials (arms/ammo/explosives) in approved security containers As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM ,p.3-3 and FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.30

Preparing Vehicles Prior to Loading Vehicle Preparation Requirements:
All lifting and tiedown shackles attached to vehicles Fuel tanks no more than 3/4 full Canvas and bows removed or banded As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Check all tire inflation and condition

Prior to Loading (Cont)
Preparing Vehicles Prior to Loading (Cont) Old series vehicles (eg HMMWV) roll down side windows, lower windshields, turn mirrors inward New series vehicles (eg PLS, HET, HEMTT) windows must remain up because of potential rail damage to electronic transmission and central tire inflation systems. Protect with plywood, cardboard or double layer of bubble wrap Do not cover headlights, windshields or mirrors with tape As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM ,p.3-3/4 and FORSCOM/ARNG Reg 55-1, p.30/31

Prior to Loading (Cont)
Preparing Vehicle Prior to Loading (Cont) Reduce vehicle configuration based on information contained in movement order Secure any materials or equipment Bands must be approved by AAR. As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ensure that hood latches are functional and secure.

Blocking and Bracing Materials
As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Blocking & bracing references contained in both TM & SDDCTEA Pam 55-19

Rail Site Facilities Medical support Lighting

Rail Site Facilities (Cont)
Command and control facilities Lighting Latrine facilities Warming Tent A control center should be the nerve center for the load activities, ensuring a smooth flow of vehicles and equipment to track-side for loading on the cars.Lighting should be sufficient to allow night time operation, both at the marshaling area and the rail loading site. Although overhead lighting, such as at a football stadium is important, the rail sight should have lights at lower heights to ensure lighting under the cars is achieved. If the operation is not an around the hour activity, light during hours of darkness enhances security and prevents pilferage and vandalism. If permanent latrines are not on the site, portable toilets must be acquired in sufficient quantity to accommodate the personnel working there. A water source and an area for messing and relaxing is essential. Although rail load sites tend to be devoid of covered areas that allow soldiers to be out of the sun or weather, tents and temporary shelters can be located there for that purpose. The last note addresses a matter of considerable gravity. Loading military equipment on rail cars is inherently a dangerous activity. Adequate medical support should be available to care for the common injuries, such as cuts, sprains, or broken bones. Messing Medical support Ref: FM ,p.3-3/4

Safety Requirements Appoint Safety OIC or NCOIC and OIC conduct risk assessment before commencing loading Qualified and properly equipped medical personnel on site Brief all soldiers on established safety procedures prior to loading commencing: All loading personnel MUST wear leather gloves and hard hats/helmets. Goggles and safety boots are also recommended For night loading ops, ensure adequate lighting and that personnel have reflector vests and flashlights The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Personnel will not jump between or from railcars - use steps provided (running on railcars is also prohibited) Do not crawl under or walk between railcars Do not step or walk on the rails Ref: FM ,p.A-1

Safety Requirements (Cont)
Never walk backwards on rail cars All vehicles being loaded/unloaded on a railcar must have a car guide (on the rail car in front of the vehicle) and two side guides (one on the ground on each side of the vehicle being moved) Only the car guide gives instructions to the vehicle driver - side guides keep car guide advised of how close the vehicle is to the edge of the railcar The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Car guides escort vehicle onto ramp and railcar and must stay in clear view of the driver at all times Ref: FM ,p.A-1 and FM , p.H-4

Car guide should stay one railcar ahead of the vehicle being guided. If a vehicle is already on railcar assume a secure and observable position on or beside the parked vehicle so that you cannot be pinned between the moving and parked vehicles Car guides must use uniform hand signals (drivers must also understand this signals) The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Ref: FM ,p.A-1/2

Ensure spanners are properly aligned, set and secured before a vehicle drivers over them. However, do not stand beside spanners when a vehicle is driving over them Reduced speed is used when driving vehicles onto railcars Personnel stay clear of main track and railcars when vehicles are moving on them (unless a designated guide) No sleeping in or around rail cars Be aware of overhead electric power lines Display a blue flag on the track behind the last car being loaded so that other trains will not approach Complete list at Appendix A in FM The Installation Transportation Officer will order the necessary rail cars, based upon the type of units being deployed and their unique equipment characteristics. These cars may be either Department of Defense owned cars, or cars owned by commercial rail lines. In most instances, both DOD and company cars will be used. The cars may be open cars, like flats or gondolas, or closed cars. In addition, specialty cars are frequently required. Heavy equipment may dictate a heavy lift car, while smaller military vehicles may be accommodated by multilevel-level cars and cabooses are normally necessary for troops accompanying equipment and command and control. The TOFC is a “Trailer on Flat Car” and there are several other kinds. We will explore the different cars later. Ref: FM ,p.A-1/2 and FM , p.H-5

Rail Site Rail site must be clean and free of debris.
Ensure spanners are available. Ensure that MHE is on site for equipment that requires MHE support

Inspection of Railcars
Rail cars are inspected prior to being positioned at final loading locations Purpose of inspection is to determine the cars suitability for the intended equipment/vehicle loads After railcars are accepted, Military accepts full responsibility to comply with AAR rules

Inspection of Railcars (Cont)
Deploying unit and ITO representative inspect railcars prior to loading equipment. Checks include: Doors on closed cars open and close and interior is free of debris Open car decks are free of residue and old blocking & bracing materials Chains are present and serviceable on chain rail cars

CONUS GENERAL RAIL LOADING RULES
As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed.

Excerpts of AAR Rules contained in TM 55-2200-001-12
Contains Tie-down Information for Mil Vehicles & Equip Abide by host nation rail rules and regs OCONUS Ref: FM , p.H-3

AAR Loading Rules The AAR makes no provision to protect cargo from the elements or other forms of damage As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed.

AAR Loading Rules (Cont)
The loading rules are applicable to both the railroad and the ITO/Unit. Railcar load and weight limits must not be exceeded As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM , p.H-3

One-half the load limit of the railcar must not be exceeded on any axle As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM , p.H-3

Balance load evenly on car When loading large and heavy items not covered by rules, load largest dimensions and heaviest weight on the floor to prevent tipping As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Items having a high center of balance (CB) must be secured to prevent tipping while in transit Ref: FM , p.H-3

Idler cars must be used when loads extend beyond the end of the loaded car. As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Trailers loaded with heavy equipment are not to be loaded Ref: FM , p.H-3

Loads must be adequately secured to the railcars Railcars must be suitable for the safe transportation of the load, and the load must not exceed the width and height restrictions over the proposed route As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref: FM , p.H-3

HAZMAT IAW Title 49, CFR and DTR Part II
Consider exclusions, marking and placards If exemption required SDDC will request from carrier Carrier provides certificate needed for movement of Class 1 explosives Rail cars used for shipment of explosive must be properly sealed with an Army approved seal Ref: FM , p.H-4

SENSITIVE/CLASSIFIED MATERIAL
When shipping sensitive or classified material by rail, commanders may be required to provide guards or escorts Cargo guards and escorts maintain surveillance over the military equipment during the journey and notify railroad personnel of any problems Escort supervisor given copy of trip itinerary (interchange points, stops etc) Escorts have portable radios and are given safety and ROE briefs prior to departure Ref: FM , p.H-4 and FM , p.A-3

ESCORT/GUARD DUTIES Detailed in Appendix A of FM , Unit Movement Operations Conduct cargo check one to two hours before departure Cargo checks whenever train stops for 30 minutes or more (check for cargo shifting, tampering [eg, missing seals], and missing or damaged cargo) During stops guards staggered along both sides of the train Incident reports to SDDC, immediately for all major incidents that could delay a shipment en route Ref: FM , p.A-3/4

Preparation of Railcars
Deploying unit check chain tie-downs and positions them on the railcar deck to avoid having to reposition chains after vehicle are loaded. Unused chains are placed in the channels to prevent them being damaged. Ensure railcar brakes are applied and chock rail wheels to prevent the railcars shifting during loading Ref: FM , p.H-2

Vehicle and Equipment Loading
Prior to loading, stage vehicles in the order they will be loaded Most common and expeditious method for loading vehicles on flatcars is the “circus” method Flatcars equipped with spanners used as roadbed (spanners adjusted as required for each vehicle type) All vehicles loaded on rearmost car, then moved forward to assigned locations Ref: FM ,p.3-3 and FM , p.H-3

Vehicle and Equipment Loading (Cont)
As mentioned earlier, the most common and expeditious method of loading military vehicles is the “circus” method. This method employs the flat car deck as a roadbed with “spanners” between cars. The vehicles are loaded aboard the rearmost rail car and then carefully moved forward until their assign spaces and secured. Tracked vehicles do not normally require spanners when the cars are equipped with the short draw bars. Vehicles being loaded by the “circus” method

Loading Prior to loading the vehicle onto railcar, all personnel with the exception of the driver must dismount vehicle Ramp Spanner Rail guide should be one car ahead of vehicle or positioned not to be caught between vehicles

Loading (Cont) Dunnage
Ensure spanners are properly positioned & capable of supporting the heaviest load anticipated At least 12” of spanner should overlap the rail car deck Most track vehicles don’t require spanners between rail cars When loading vehicle between railcars of uneven deck heights, be sure to place dunnage under the spanner to prevent it from slipping As mentioned earlier, the most common and expeditious method of loading military vehicles is the “circus” method. This method employs the flat car deck as a roadbed with “spanners” between cars. The vehicles are loaded aboard the rearmost rail car and then carefully moved forward until their assign spaces and secured. Tracked vehicles do not normally require spanners when the cars are equipped with the short draw bars. Dunnage Ref: FM , p.H-2

Loading (Cont) When driving on spanners, maintain a constant speed.
Avoid jamming on brakes or reversing

Vehicle Spacing Vehicles require a minimum of 10 inches of space between vehicles. Ensure sufficient space around top mounted brake wheels for operation As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Wrong spacing Ref. TEA Pam Pg. 2

Loading Multilevel Cars
Exercise caution when loading vehicles on or moving vehicles through multilevel rail cars. Check deck heights Decks may be different heights causing vehicle to strike the upper deck.

Setting Vehicles After positioning vehicle on railcar, vehicle
operator: Places transmission in neutral, secure with wire Sets parking brake, secure with wire Places battery switches in “off” position Ref. TEA Pam Pg. 1-2

Force Applied to Railcar Loads
Vertical movement (dips in track) Front to back movement (coupling, start-up and stopping) Side to side movement (curves) As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. THIS IS WHY WE TIE DOWN VEHICLES/EQUIPMENT

Tie-down Procedures When securing vehicles use these techniques:
Inspect chain assemblies and components (for damage, missing parts and proper operation) As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Apply chains in pairs and equal numbers front and rear

Tie-down Procedures (cont)
Ensure in turntable type winches that the chain is taken up on the underside of the ratchet wheel As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Backwards Proper Position

Tie-down Procedures (Cont) Ensure proper wire or chain tension
Place tension on chain or wire rope to allow no more than one inch deflection when supporting the weight of a full grown man As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed.

Tie-down Procedures (Cont) Secure excess wire rope or chain to the
tension bearing part of the wire rope. On chain devices, secure open-faced hooks to chain link with wire or nylon tie strap. As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Lock chain-tightening device with wire. Turnbuckles must have jamnuts tightened wrench-tight using two wrenches

Tie-down Procedures (Cont) Secure chain through tie-down points at
forty-five degree angle. Pull chain tight as possible, ensuring that there are no twists or kinks, and secure chain hook to chain. As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed.

Tie-down Procedures (Cont) Hand tighten turnbuckles first, then
continue to tighten with open end or crescent wrench until 1/8 inch of the rubber compression ring shows. As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Store used chain assemblies in the rail car channel

Loading and Tie-down Checklist
Checklists should be distributed to the loading teams. The checklist should contain the following: As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Ref. TEA Pam Pg. 34

Loading and Tie-down Checklist (Cont)
As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed.

TEA PAM 55-19 App A:. Trucks and Trailers
App B: Tracked and Wheeled Armored Vehicles App C: MHE & Construction Equip. & Non-Vehicles As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed. Distribute check lists for tie-down procedures on page 34 and for series Flatcars

Chain Tie-down Illustration
Trucks up to 80,000 lbs -- Chain Tie-down Illustration Alloy Steel Chain 3/8” and ½” TEA PAM 55-19 App A page A-2 As mentioned, the cars are inspected by the army and the carrier representatives when the empty cars arrive and prior to being spotted at the loading ramps. Once the cars have been loaded with the military equipment and vehicles, another inspection is conducted. Inspections are conducted too ensure that the loads are properly and evenly distributed. A distribution of half the weight over each car truck is desirable. Further, inspectors make sure the car load limits are not exceeded and that cargo is properly secured by chains, wire, blocks, and braces in accordance with AAR rules. Chain tie-down devices are used to prevent cargo shifting as the rail car goes over crossings, switches and other rail irregularities. On wooden deck cars, chock blocks, side blocks,and wire cable control longitudinal, lateral, and vertical motion. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the height and width dimensions are within the clearance limits for the route to be traversed.

Final Inspection Final inspection is made after the railcars
are loaded to ensure that the contents are loaded, blocked and braced in compliance with AAR loading rules. The rail representative is the final approving authority for accepting rail loads.

Intransit Visibility Reader TC-AIMS II MSL GTN ITV Regional Server
Ref: FM ,p.3-2

Unloading Railcars off-loaded promptly at POE to allow return for further use and to avoid demurrage or detention charges (usually within 48 hrs) Units must remove blocking, dunnage and banding from unloaded cars before release to the carrier Ref: FM ,p.3-4 and FM , p.H-4

SUMMARY

QUESTIONS ???

On Learning

On Learning Question 1: What is the procedure used in the “circus loading” of unit equipment on railcars? Answer 1: The “circus loading” method uses flatcars as a roadbed with spanners between the railcars. Vehicles are loaded from the rear most railcar and then moved forward to their assigned locations.

On Learning Question 2: What is the minimum amount of space that must be maintained between vehicles that are secured to the railcar deck? Answer 2: AAR rules require a minimum of 10 inches between vehicles.

On Learning Question 3: What reference provides a checklist for loading and tying down unit equipment on railcars? Answer 3: SDDC TEA Pam 55-19, Tiedown Handbook for Rail Movements

FINAL REVIEW

Next Lesson ….

TAKE A BREAK!

RAIL OPERATIONS U M O D P C / /

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "RAIL OPERATIONS U M O D P C / /"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

RAIL OPERATIONS U M O D P C / /

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "RAIL OPERATIONS U M O D P C / /"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback