1. Deutsche Bundesbank To safeguard the currency By Tian,He

2. Overview of Bundesbank Part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) Founded in 1957 Frankfurt am Main 9743 Employees

3. 9 Regional Offices 47 Branches nation-wide

4. Executive Board Axel.A.Weber (Member of the Governing Council of the ECB)

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6. The Forms of the Bundesbank 1948-1957 1957-1990 1990-1993 1993-2001 2001-PRESENT

7. 1948-1957 Reichsmark was replaced by D-Mark (21 June 1948) Two-Tier central bank system Central Banks of the States Bank deutscher Lander in Frankfurt am Main Central Bank Council

8. 1957-1990 Bundesbank Act (26-July-1957) Two-Tier Structure Abolished

9. 1990-1993 A treaty on May 18, 1990 The SOLE legal tender in both German states—D-Mark

10. 1993-2001 The Maastricht Treaty National responsibility for monetary policy was transferred to ESCB

11. 2001- present ECB took over full control of currency in 2001

12. Today’s duty As a note-issuing bank As the banks' banker Refinancing Source and Clearing House for the Commercial Banks Bank Supervision As the state's banker As the manager of currency reserves

13. Bequeath from Bundesbank First Priority: Price Stability Independence of Monetary Policy Making A Relatively Decentralized Structure

14. Independence in Bundesbank The Most Independent Central Bank Leading the “Bundesbank Model” Opposite to the “new Zealand model” Lessons from the Past

15. 50 Years of the Bundesbank Legacy of Stability passed on to the Eurosystem

16. Resources from http://www.bundesbank.de http://en.wikipedia.org Thanks.