1. CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing Prabhaker Mateti

2. What is Mobile Computing? There are not going to be any defs. Essential characteristcs? Reconsider this topic at the end of the term 2CEG436: Mobile Computing

3. Mobile devices performance Pager receive only tiny displays simple text messages Mobile phones voice, data simple graphical displays PDA graphical displays character recognition simplified WWW Smartphone tiny keyboard simple versions of standard applications Laptop/Notebook fully functional standard applications Sensors, embedded controllers No clear separation between device types possible (e.g. smart phones, embedded PCs, …) 3

4. Mobile Devices Everywhere 2011: There are 5.3 billion mobile subscribers – == 77% of the world population. – Growth is led by China and India. 2009: Half a billion accessed mobile Internet. 2008: Cell Phones Key to Teens’ Social Lives, 47% Can Text with Eyes Closed. 4CEG436: Mobile Computing

5. Google Nexus One Cost (Jan 2010) 5 Introductory price US$529 unlocked; US$179 with 2 year contract CEG436: Mobile Computing

6. The Growth of Mobile Devices Bunch of numbers … next few slides Worth watching: – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aUQLIPdtg8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aUQLIPdtg8 3min 11 secs by Sybase Inc Sybase Inc Sep 9, 2010 CEG436: Mobile Computing6

7. Mobile statistics snapshots (09/2002 / 12/2004 / 04/2006 / Q4/2007 Total Global Mobile Users 869M / 1.52G / 2G / 3.3G Total Analogue Users 71M / 34M / 1M Total US Mobile users 145M / 140M Total Global GSM users 680M / 1.25G 1.5G / 2.7G Total Global CDMA Users 127M / 202M Total TDMA users 84M / 120M Total European users 283M / 343M Total African users 18.5M / 53M / 83M Total 3G users 130M / 130M Total South African users 13.2M / 19M / 30M European Prepaid Penetration 63% European Mobile Penetration 70.2% Global Phone Shipments 2001 393M / 1G 2008 Global Phone Sales 2Q02 96.7M sources: www.cellular.co.za/stats/stats-main.htm www.gsmworld.com #1 Mobile Country China (139M / 300M) #1 GSM Country China (99M / 282M / 483M) #1 SMS Country Philipines #1 Handset Vendor 2Q02 Nokia (37.2%) #1 Network In Africa Vodacom (6.6M / 11M) #1 Network In Asia Unicom (153M) #1 Network In Japan DoCoMo #1 Network In Europe T-Mobile (22M / 28M) #1 In Infrastructure Ericsson SMS Sent Globally 1Q 60T / 135G / 235G / 650 G SMS sent in UK 6/02 1.3T / 2.1G SMS sent Germany 1Q02 5.7T GSM Countries on Air 171 / 210 / 220 GSM Association members 574 / 839 Total Cost of 3G Licenses in Europe 110T€ SMS/month/user 36 CEG436: Mobile Computing The figures vary a lot depending on the statistic, creator of the statistic etc.! 7

8. 8 Worldwide Smartphone Landscape TBD Source: AdMob traffic 8CEG436: Mobile Computing

9. 9 9 Worldwide Smartphone Traffic Trends Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08 WW Smartphone OS Share WW Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing

10. 10 US Smartphone Landscape Source: AdMob traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing

11. 11 US Smartphone Traffic Trends Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08 US Smartphone OS Share US Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing

12. 12CEG436: Mobile Computing

13. Nielsen Mobile Insights, Mar 2011 CEG436: Mobile Computing13

14. World Telecommunication in 2010 CEG436: Mobile Computing14 Key Global Telecom Indicators for the World Telecommunication Service Sector in 2010 (all figures are estimates) Global Dvloped nations Dvlping nations Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CISEurope Americas Mobile cellular subscriptions (millions) 5,2821,4363,8463332822,649364741880 Per 100 people76.2%116.1%67.6%41.4%79.4%67.8%131.5%120.0%94.1% Fixed telephone lines (millions) 1,197506691133354974249262 Per 100 people17.3%40.9%12.1%1.6%9.4%14.0%26.6%40.3%28.1% Mobile broadband subscriptions (millions) 940631309293427872286226 Per 100 people13.6%51.1%5.4%3.6%9.7%7.1%25.9%46.3%24.2% Fixed broadband subscriptions (millions) 5553042511822324148145 per 100 people8.0%24.6%4.4%0.2%2.3%5.7%8.7%23.9%15.5% Source: International Telecommunication Union (October 2010)International Telecommunication Union via: mobiThinkingmobiThinking

15. Smartphone OS market share CEG436: Mobile Computing15 Worldwide smartphone operating system (OS) market share, according to Gartner Smartphone OS market share and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), according to IDC OS 2009 market share 2010 market share 2011 market share 2015 market Share 2011 market share 2015 market Share 2011- 2015 CAGR Android3.9%22.7%38.5%48.8% 39.5%45.4%23.8% BlackBerry19.9%16.0%13.4%11.1% 14.9%13.7%17.1% iOS14.4%15.7%19.4%17.2% 15.7%15.3%18.8% Symbian46.9%37.6%19.2%0.1% 20.9%0.2%-65.0% Windows Phone/Mobile 8.7%4.2%5.6%19.5% 5.5%20.9%67.1% Others6.1%3.8%3.9%3.3% 3.5%4.6%28.0% Total smartphones sold 172 million297 million468 million631 million 450 millionN/A19.6% Source: Gartner (April 2011)Gartner (April 2011)Source: IDC (March 2011)IDC (March 2011) via:mobiT hinkingmobiT hinking

16. Applications I We can imagine just about every application to have a version implemented on the mobile platform – computing (both CPU and RAM) capacity – storage expectations – graphics/ display expectations – ui expectations 16CEG436: Mobile Computing

17. Applications II Vehicles – transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T – personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE – position via GPS – local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy – vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance Emergencies – early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first diagnosis – replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc. – crisis, war,... 17

18. CEG436: Mobile Computing Typical application: road traffic ad hoc UMTS, WLAN, DAB, DVB, GSM, cdma2000, TETRA,... Personal Travel Assistant, PDA, Laptop, GSM, UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth,... 18

19. CEG436: Mobile Computing Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected UMTS 2 Mbit/s UMTS, GSM 384 kbit/s LAN 100 Mbit/s, WLAN 54 Mbit/s UMTS, GSM 115 kbit/s GSM 115 kbit/s, WLAN 11 Mbit/s GSM/GPRS 53 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s, DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s DSL/ WLAN 3 Mbit/s 19

20. CEG436: Mobile Computing Applications III Traveling salesmen – direct access to customer files stored in a central location – consistent databases for all agents – mobile office Replacement of fixed networks – remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities – flexibility for trade shows – LANs in historic buildings Entertainment, education,... – outdoor Internet access – intelligent travel guide with up-to-date location dependent information – ad-hoc networks for multi user games History Info 20

21. CEG436: Mobile Computing Location dependent services Location aware services – what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local environment Follow-on services – automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the current location Information services – “push”: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket – “pull”: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cheese Cake? Support services – caches, intermediate results, state information etc. “follow” the mobile device through the fixed network Privacy – who should gain knowledge about the location 21

22. CEG436: Mobile Computing Effects of device portability Power consumption – limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery capacity – CPU: power consumption ~ CV 2 f C: internal capacity, reduced by integration V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally Loss of data – higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g., defects, theft) Limited user interfaces – compromise between size of fingers and portability – integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols Limited memory (always in relation to e.g. PCs) – limited usage of mass memories with moving parts – flash-memory or ? as alternative 22

23. CEG436: Mobile Computing Wireless networks in comparison to fixed networks Higher loss-rates due to interference – emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning Restrictive regulations of frequencies – frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied Lower transmission rates – local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE – soon Mbit/s with LTE Higher delays, higher jitter – connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems – soon in ms range with LTE Lower security, simpler active attacking – radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones Always shared medium – secure access mechanisms important 23

24. Areas of research in mobile communication Wireless Communication – transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay) – modulation, coding, interference – media access, regulations –... Mobility – location dependent services – location transparency – quality of service support (delay, jitter, security) –... Portability – power consumption – limited computing power, sizes of display,... – usability –... CEG436: Mobile Computing24

25. CEG436: Mobile Computing Simple reference model used here Application Transport Network Data Link Physical Medium Data Link Physical Application Transport Network Data Link Physical Data Link Physical Network Radio 25

26. CEG436: Mobile Computing Influence of mobile communication to the layer model Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer service location new/adaptive applications multimedia congestion/flow control quality of service addressing, routing device location hand-over authentication media access/control multiplexing encryption modulation interference attenuation frequency 26

27. CEG436: Mobile Computing Overlay Networks - the global goal regional metropolitan area campus-based in-house vertical handover horizontal handover integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics 27

28. CEG 436 Course Content

29. Prerequisites/Expectations CEG 402 is officially listed as a prerequisite. Ideally, also CEG 433 Operating Systems. – Processes and Threads – File Systems Fluency in – Java is expected. – Objective C is not expected. Linux experience: at least CEG 233 Android related Java issues will be discussed. Eclipse IDE for Android will be introduced. Would be great: own a spare Android phone Objective C will be introduced. Lab facilities available, but better to have your own personal computer. 29CEG436: Mobile Computing

30. CEG 436 Grading Weights % wt Midtermon-line but no surfing30 Finalon-line but no surfing40 Lab L1: Case StudyIn Android05 Lab L2: Case StudyIn iOS05 Lab L3: Extend an AppYour choice: Android/iOS10 Lab L4: Extend an AppYour choice: Android/iOS10 30CEG436: Mobile Computing

31. CEG 436 Course Content 1 Course overviewCourse overview, prerequisites; Android Development-1: Java, Eclipse, ADT, Hello- World; iOS Development Android Development-1 2 Mobile Sys Characteristics; Wireless/Cellular Technologies: 802.11, Bluetooth, CDMA, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, 2G, 3G, 4GWireless/Cellular Technologies 3 Android Development-2Android Development-2: OS refresher, Services, Widgets, Live WP, sensors, case studies 4 Android InternalsAndroid Internals, iOS InternalsiOS Internals 5 Mobile IPMobile IP: addressing, agents, ad hoc routing 6 Mobile TCP 6 Midterm 31CEG436: Mobile Computing

32. CEG 436 Course Content 7 Mobile Computing issuesMobile Computing issues: Life cycle of processes, almost no swap space, battery conservation; Middleware; Location, 8 Android Devlopment-3Android Devlopment-3: After market firmware development 9 Security and PrivacySecurity and Privacy: SMS attacks, Android Injector a Mobile-, Distributed-, Cloud-, Ubiquitous-, Pervasive-,..., Computing b Final 32CEG436: Mobile Computing

33. CEG 636 Course Content All of CEG 436 One additional project or term paper 33CEG436: Mobile Computing

34. Course Websites www.cs.wright.edu/~pmateti/Courses/436/Top/ WSU CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing; Weekly Schedule, Syllabus, Discussion, Old Exams, ReadingList, Links, Lab Facilities www.cs.wright.edu/~pmateti/Courses/436/Top/ developer.android.com/ Android Developer developer.android.com/ developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/ iOS Dev Center developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/ www.sigmobile.org/ International ACM community of researchers and practitioners who: Perform research in the theory and practice of all areas related to the mobility of systems, users, data, and computing; Expand the evolution of portable computers and wireless networks; Support the convergence of mobility, computing, and information organization; and Improve access, services, management, and applications for mobile computing and communications. www.sigmobile.org/ 34CEG436: Mobile Computing

35. Books to Read “Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing” Adam Greenfield Paperback: 272 pages Publisher: New Riders Publishing; March 2006 ISBN-10: 0321384016 http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=_PKNbueOF5U http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=_PKNbueOF5U 35CEG436: Mobile Computing

36. Books to Read “Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction” Paul Dourish Paperback: 245 pages Publisher: The MIT Press; New edition edition (August 20, 2004) Language: English ISBN-10: 0262541785 ISBN-13: 978-0262541787 36CEG436: Mobile Computing

37. Books to Read Digital Ground: Architecture, Pervasive Computing, and Environmental Knowing Malcolm McCullough Paperback: 290 pages Publisher: The MIT Press; (September 23, 2005) ISBN-10: 9780262633277 Review 37CEG436: Mobile Computing

38. Recommended Text Book “Wireless Internet and Mobile Computing: Interoperability and Performance” Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok, Vincent K.N. Lau Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok Vincent K.N. Lau August 2007 Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated ISBN: 0471679682 38CEG436: Mobile Computing

39. Recommended Text Book “Computer Networks” Andrew S. Tanenbaum, David J. Wetherall 960 pp, 2011, 5/E Prentice Hall ISBN-10: 0132126958 Slides etc: http://authors.phptr.co m/tanenbaumcn4/ http://authors.phptr.co m/tanenbaumcn4/ 39CEG436: Mobile Computing

40. Text Book “Mobile Communications” Jochen Schiller Paperback: 492 pages Addison Wesley; 2 edition (September 2003) ISBN-10: 9780321123817 40CEG436: Mobile Computing

41. CEG 436 Order of Lectures Because CEG 436 is a 10-week term course skipped for now … refreshers on – Operating Systems – TCP/IP Networking – Cellular Telephony “Definitions” – Mobile Devices/Smart Phone – What is Android? 41CEG436: Mobile Computing