1. Medical Imaging Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

2. 2 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Nuclear Medicine

3. 3 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Difference with electro-magnetic modalities Function vs Density

4. 4 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Bohr’s atomic model

5. 5 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood

6. 6 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Isotopes

7. 7 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity 1. α decay 2. β - decay 3. β + decay

8. 8 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood N Z Radioactivity 4. Electron capture 5. γ emission

9. 9 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood

10. 10 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Law of radioactive decay Law of attenuation

11. 11 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Gamma Scintigraphy

12. 12 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Scintigraphy gamma emitters 99 Mo → 99m Tc + β ⁻ + ν e 99m Tc → 99 Tc + γ

13. 13 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Gamma camera principle of anger camera

14. 14 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Photomultiplier tube

15. 15 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)

16. 16 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera

17. 17 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Multiple angles 3-6 degrees ca 15-20 sec per angle

18. 18 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Projection sinogram

19. 19 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Pinhole SPECT

20. 20 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

21. 21 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood β + -decay Positron (e + ) Neutrino (ν) Electron (e - ) Annihilation p → n + e + + e + + e - → 2 E γ = 511 keV Angle = 180°

22. 22 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Coincidence Unit Sorting Unit Image Reconstruction PET Image Detectors Decay Millions of events are detected during few minutes of PET scan

23. 23 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Projection sinogram

24. 24 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Sinogram

25. 25 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Positron range

26. 26 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Non-colinearity

27. 27 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Arc correction

28. 28 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Geometric sensitivity is inhomogeneous

29. 29 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Crystal efficiency normalization

30. 30 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Random and Scatter

31. 31 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Scatter