1. + Welcome to EG 11111-05 Introduction to Engineering Systems: Learning Center

2. + The people Instructor Dr. Andrés Tovar atovar@nd.edu Office hours: Mon 3 to 5 PM Student Assistant Tommy Walton Thomas.A.Walton.30@nd.edu Learning Center Manger Natalie Gedde

3. + The course schedule Week 1: Build a tower and collect data Week 2: Learn about Matlab Week 3: Model the tower with SAP2000 Week 4: Compare and analyze results Week 5: Optimize the tower layout Week 6: Test the new structure

4. + Some towers Sears Tower Designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. Construction started in 1970 and completed and opened in 1973. Located on Wacker Drive in Chicago. It is 1,450 feet tall. The Sears Tower is 110 stories high and the antennas are over 200 feet tall.

5. Burj Dubai: the world tallest building Designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. Construction started in 2004 and will be completed and opened in 2009. Located on Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai. It is height is kept private but as 01/17/09 was 2,684 ft. http://www.burjdubai.com/ Hymenocallis flower

6. The Chicago Spire Designed by Santiago Calatrava. Construction started in 2007. Located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago. It is height will be 2,000 ft.

7. The Ren Building, Shanghai 2010. The rotating tower by David Fisher, Dubai

8. + The basics – our little tower

9. + Measuring deflection A common convention in science and engineering is to express accuracy and/or precision implicitly by means of significant figures. When not explicitly stated, the margin of error is understood to be one-half the value of the last significant place. For example, recording of 2.39 mm would imply a margin of 0.005 mm. Recording of 2.4 mm would imply a margin of error of 0.05 mm.

10. + How to read the dial Resolution is the smallest possible change that can be detected. Our dial gauge have a resolution of 1/100 mm or 0.01 mm. In an instrument, the margin of error or degree of accuracy is half a unit each side of the unit of measure. For example, if our instrument’s resolution is 1 then any value between 6½ and 7½ is measured as 7 and the error is 0.5.

11. + How to read the dial In this example the measure is 20.87 mm; however, a measure can be also estimated to 20.869. In either case, the error is 0.005 mm.

12. + Testing considerations Test stands on the floor Systematic testing 2 people add weights 2 people read displacement 2 people record Load statically Reset tower between trials Complete one full trial before starting another