1. Figure 5.1: Inputs, Outputs, and Feedback 1 Transformation (Conversion) Process Energy Materials Labor Capital Information Goods or Services Feedback information for control of process inputs and conversion Other byproducts

2. Figure 5.2: Sustainability Product and Process Frameworks 1970s & 1980s Pollution Control Pollution Prevention 1990s Eco-Efficiency Design for Environment The Natural Step Industrial Ecology 2000s Cradle to Cradle Life Cycle Analysis Biomimicry

3. Figure 5.3 Value Stream Map: Resource Inputs & Outputs Inputs Raw Materials Water Energy Labor hours Outputs Hazardous Waster Solid Waste Waste Water Milling Inputs Welding Combustibles Outputs Air Emissions Welding Inputs Detergents Degreasers Solvents Water Labor hours Outputs Waste Water Parts Washing Inputs Coatings Energy Solvents Labor Hours Outputs Solid Waste Hazardous Waste Air Emissions Surface Coating

4. Figure 5.4 Water Used vs Needed MillingWelding Part Washing Surface Coating Assembly 10 Kgal 30 Kgal15 Kgal45 Kgal5 Kgal0 Kgal 5 Kgal30 Kgal5 Kgal0 Kgal Actual Water Needed Water Used Summary of Water Waste Water Used: 95,000 gallons Actual Water Needed: 50,000 gallons Water Wasted: 45,000 gallons

5. Figure 5.5 Example Measures MeasureDescription QualityKey product or service characteristic of interest : mistakes, failures, complaints, returned items, repairs, time, etc. MaterialMaterials that go into the product or service at different steps: components, packaging, paper, solvent, resin, paints, water, etc. CostTime, expenses, labor at each step DeliveryThings that impact delivery of the product or services to customer: shortages, defaults in payment, delays or wait time. Energy ResourcesKWH or BTUs, miles per gallon, et. InnovationNumber of radical,incremental, etc. new products introduced Local contentMaterials or labor content in process step produced in regions of importance. SafetyAccidents, mistakes, breakdowns 3 RsUse of recycled, renewable, and reused materials Understanding & Usability Meeting needs, expectations, and satisfaction level of the customers

6. 6 Figure 5.6 Typical causes of Non-value added activities Waste observed within the process Problems with Metrics Products/Design Customers/Mix Process

7. Figure 5.7 Design for Environment Flow and Support Tools DfE Project Development Project Concept Development (QFDE Tool) Conceptual Design Qualitative design review on sustainability aspects Design Detail Quantitative design review on sustainability (LCA) Production

8. Figure 5.8 Correlating CNs and EMs Column #123456 Direction of Improvement ▼▲▼▼◇▼ Row # Weight Chart Relative Weight Customer Importance Maximum Relationship Engineering Metrics concentration of chemical biodegradable content energy consumption to handle water consumption to clean pollution/toxic quantity of chemical Customer Needs or Requirements 1 ||||||| 15%69Little or NO PPE ▽●○○●● 2 ||||||| 15%29Less Time ●○●●○▽ 3 ||||||| 15%59Easy to apply and wash ●▽●●▽▽ 4 ||||| 10%49Low Cost ▽●▽▽▽▽ 5 ||||| 10%29Low environmental impact ▽●▽▽▽○ 6 |||||||||| 20%79 No Impact on surface being treated ▽●○▽○▽ 7 |||||||||||| 25%89Removes Moss completely ●○●●○● Relationships Positive ● Neutral ○ Negative ▽ Direction of Improvement Maximize ▲ Target ◇ Minimize ▼

9. Figure 5.9 EM Correlations + + − + + − + + − − + + + Column #12345678910111213141516 Direction of Improvement ▼▲▼▼◇▼ Engineering Metrics concentration of chemical biodegradable content energy consumption to handle water consumption to clean pollution/toxic quantity of chemical Customer Needs or Requirements Little or NO PPE ▽●○○●● Less Time ●○●●○▽ Easy to apply and wash ●▽●●▽▽ Low Cost ▽●▽▽▽▽ Low environmental impact ▽●▽▽▽○ No Impact on surface being treated ▽●○▽○▽ Removes Moss completely ●○●●○● Correlations Positive + Negative − No Correlation

10. Figure 5.10 Complete EDFD With Competitors Evaluation + + − + + − + + − − + + + Column #123456 Direction of Improvement ▼▲▼▼◇▼ Row # Weight Chart Relative Weight Customer Importance Engineering Metrics concentration of chemical biodegradable content energy consumption to handle water consumption to clean pollution/toxic quantity of chemical Our Product Competitor #1: Product Name Row # Customer Needs or Requirements 1 ||||||| 15%6 Little or NO PPE ▽●○○●● 331 2 ||||||| 15%2 Less Time ●○●●○▽ 542 3 ||||||| 15%5 Easy to apply and wash ●▽●●▽▽ 123 4 ||||| 10%4 Low Cost ▽●▽▽▽▽ 234 5 ||||| 10%2 Low environmental impact ▽●▽▽▽○ 315 6 |||||||||| 20%7 No Impact on surface being treated ▽●○▽○▽ 336 7 |||||||||||| 25%8 Removes Moss completely ●○●●○● 547 8 8 Target 1% 50% 100 kw 100 gal 5 5 gal Our Product1%8%300150410 Competitor #1: Product Name 2%0%3005086

11. Figure 5.11 Life Cycle Analysis Scope Extracting & processing raw materials Manufacturing Packaging Transportation & Distribution Useful life, maintenance & reuse Recycling Disposal at end of life

12. Figure 5.12 Cradle to Cradle Philosophy Biological plantsanimalsdecomposes soil nutrients Technical Manufacturing & Assembly ProductCustomer UseMaterials

13. Table 5.1 Customer Needs Roof Moss Remover Product Row # Weight Chart Relative Weight Customer Importance Customer Needs 1 ||||||| 15%6Little or NO PPE 2 ||||||| 15%2Less Time 3 ||||||| 15%5Easy to apply and wash 4 ||||| 10%4Low Cost 5 ||||| 10%2 Low environmental impact 6 |||||||||| 20%7 No Impact on surface being treated 7 |||||||||||| 25%8 Removes Moss completely

14. Table 5.2 Engineering Metrics Roof Moss Removal Product Column #123456 Direction of Improvement ▼▲▼▼◇▼ Engineering Metrics concentration of chemical biodegradable content energy consumption to handle water consumption to clean pollution/toxic quantity of chemical

15. Table 5.3 Sample of Environmental Needs and Engineering Metrics Environmental Needs Less material usage Less energy & water consumption Easy to transport and store Easy to process and assemble High durability Easy to reuse Easy to disassemble & sort Easy to maintain Easy to compact Safe to incinerate Easy to dispose of or safe to landfill Harmless to biosphere Safe emissions Environmental Engineering Metrics Weight Volume Number of parts Variety of materials Likelihood of getting dirty or oxidizing Hardness Physical lifetime Energy consumption Rate of recycled material Sensory impact (noise, visual, etc.) Emissions mass (air, water, soil) Biodegradability Material Toxicity