1. Research Methods in Management Petros Chamakiotis

2. What is Research To make a significant contribution to the current body of knowledge in a systematic way This is done by: Reviewing existing knowledge and identifying gaps Identifying the target audience that would be interested Reviewing available methods and philosophical associations Selecting the most appropriate tools and constructing a new and sound research procedure Explaining the new phenomenon and generating theory Extending this to recommendations for professionals

3. Research Classification PURPOSE PROCESS LOGIC OUTCOME

4. Purpose Exploratory – when little or no knowledge – hypotheses used Descriptive – ‘’what’’ Explanatory – ‘’why’’ or ‘’how’’ Predictive – extension of exploratory

5. Process Quantitative Assumes the data is the same and regardless of the person that collects them. The data are objective and usually numerical. Qualitative Attempts to elicit human perceptions. The data are subjective and normally descriptive. The researcher is highly involved and his background, ethnicity, etc. affect the way the data are collected, analysed, and presented. Mixed Methods

6. Logic Deductive (waterfall) THEORY -> HYPOTHESIS -> OBSERVATION -> CONFIRMATION A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when premises are true. Inductive (hill climbing) OBERVATION -> PATTERN -> TENTATIVE HYPOTHESIS -> THEORY Theory or hypothesis is developed from the observation of data. Conclusions go beyond the information contained in the premises.

7. Stance POSITIVIST Quantitative, Objectivist, Scientific, Experimental, Traditionalist INTERPRETIVIST Qualitative, Subjectivist, Phenomenological, Humanistic

8. Philosophies Ontological (reality) Nature of reality: absolute or relative? Epistemological (knowledge) Relationship between the researcher and the researched? Axiological (values) What is the role of bias? Is the researcher involved or detached? Rhetorical (language) What is the language of research? Methodological What is the process and logic of research?

9. Stance Revisited POSITIVISMINTERPRETIVISM ONTOLOGICALReality is external and objective Reality is subjective and socially constructed EPISTEMOLOGICALKnowledge is absoluteKnowledge is relative AXIOLOGICALUnbiased and objectiveBiased and subjective RHETORICALFormal and ImpersonalInformal and Personal METHODOLOGICALDeductive and StaticInductive and Dynamic

10. Outcome Basic/Pure/Fundamental The aim is to improve understanding and there is no immediate exploitation of the outcome Applied Finds solutions to existing problems, immediate application of the outcome, and practical use of results

11. The Research Onion

12. Thanks Petros Chamakiotis