1. xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts Laurent WOUTERS (EADS Innovation Works, France) Marie-Pierre GERVAIS (Université Paris Ouest, LIP6, France)

2. Motivation: Example Operating a safety-critical system xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 2 EDOC 2011 Procedure Stress, fatigue, … System Operator Activate fuel jettison Check gears are up Flaps to MAX Pitch and roll to 0 Aircraft ditching procedure:

3. Motivation: Holistic Model-Based Approach to Testing xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 3 EDOC 2011 Procedure Stress, fatigue, … System Operator Execute Results scenario modifications Model

4. Motivation: Multiple Domain Experts xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 4 EDOC 2011 Procedure Stress, fatigue, … System Operator System EngineersInteraction ExpertsCognitive Psychologists Model

5. Motivation: Collaborative Modeling xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 5 EDOC 2011 Multiple domain-specific perspectives on the same model CAD [1] Tool for Domain A  Build Models  Test/Execute  Reasoning Expert in Domain A Domain-Specific Concrete Syntax [1] Computer Assisted Design CAD [1] Tool for Domain B  Build Models  Test/Execute  Reasoning Domain-Specific Concrete Syntax Expert in Domain B

6. Knowledge Manipulation in Human Sciences Domain rules: E.g.: “The short-term memory of a human is cut by half under stress”. xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 6 EDOC 2011 Inference rule Reasoning Complex domains and classification chains: [1] Kühne. (Mannheim University) Matters of (Meta-) Modeling (Soft. & Sys. Mod.) [2] Atkinson, Kühne. (Mannheim University) The essence of Multilevel Metamodeling (UML ‘01) Short-Term Memory Memory Kind Bill’s STM Multi-Level Modeling [1, 2] classified by

7. State of the Art xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 7 EDOC 2011 [1] Muller et al. (Triskell) Weaving Executability into Object-Oriented Meta-Languages (MoDELS 05) [2] W3C. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/ [3] W3C. http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/ [4] G. Noyrit, S. Gérard, F. Terrier, and B. Selic. Consistent Modeling using Multiple UML Profiles. In MoDELS, volume 6394 of LNCS. Springer-Verlag, 2010. Multi-Level Modeling Behavior Modeling Rules & Inferences Executability Kermeta [1]OWL + SWRL [2, 3]fUML [4]

8. xOWL: Extending OWL2 xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 8 EDOC 2011 Axiom is the unit of information in an OWL2 ontology

9. xOWL: Extending OWL2 xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 9 EDOC 2011 Axiom is the unit of information in an OWL2 ontology New axiom

10. xOWL State Machine Library xOWL: State Machine Example xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 10 EDOC 2011

11. xOWL with Multiple Domain-Specific Perspectives xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 11 EDOC 2011 CP Concrete Syntax xOWL Library for CP xOWL Core Abstract Syntax xOWL Library for UI Language Engineer Interpreter + Reasoner.. UI Concrete Syntax Cognitive Psychologist User Interaction Expert

12. Example of CAD Tool for User Interaction Expert xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 12 EDOC 2011 Domain-Specific Library Elements Domain-Specific Concrete Syntax

13. Conclusion  Using xOWL and the surrounding infrastructure we can  Enable domain experts to model their knowledge themselves  Enable cross-domain collaboration based on models  Applied to our use case  Experts will be able to design the human-machine system as a whole  Improve the safety of critical systems xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 13 EDOC 2011

14. Perspectives Rules:  Rule language (SWRL) not integrated with xOWL  Future work: integration of xOWL language constructs within rules CAD Tools:  Currently manually coded  Future work: automatic generation of CAD tools from the declarative definitions of concrete syntaxes xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 14 EDOC 2011

15. xOWL – an Executable Modeling Language for Domain Experts 15 EDOC 2011

16. Multi-Level Modeling (1) “Linguistic instantiation relates a model with the definition of the language of which it is an expression” “Ontological instantiation relates two models whose subjects are in the same domain but on different logical levels.” [1] Meta- language Meta-Meta- model Meta-model Model Language Linguistic instance of Defines ► Expressed using► Class Object Dog My Dog Linguistic instance of Ontological instance of [1] Kühne. (Mannheim University) Matters of (meta-) Modeling (Soft. & Sys. Mod.) [2] Atkinson, Kühne. (Mannheim University) The essence of multilevel metamodeling (UML 01) 22/04/2011 xOWL April 2011 16

17. Multi-Level Modeling (2) xOWL April 2011 Page 17 22/04/2011 Reduction of accidental complexity[1]: Do not introduce additional unnecessary concepts. Multi-level model UML equivalent (2 levels) [1] Atkinson, Kühne. The essence of multilevel metamodeling