1. Justin Martyr and Philosopher (c. 100-c. 165) First Apology addressed to Antonius Pius and his adopted sons. How would you date the apology? Hint: Look up Apol. 1. 46. Dialog with Trypho is placed in the time of Jewish War. Justin’s birth place: Flavia Neapolis (Nablus) in Palestine

2. Hadrian (117-138) Hadrian sacrificing to Apollo

3. Bar-Kokhba’s revolt and Jewish War (132-136)

4. Antoninus Pius (138-161)

5. Pagan caricature of the Christian God (see Octavius 9. 3)

6. Creation ex nihilo in the Septuagint (not Tanakh) The mother of the seven Maccabean brothers, addressing her youngest son, about to be killed by Antiochus Epiphanes IV: “I beg you, child, to look at the heavens and the earth and see all that is in them; then you will know that God did not make them out of existing things; and in the same way the human race came into existence. (2 Maccabees 7: 28).”

7. Mysterious Lady addresses Hermas: “ God, who dwells in the heavens, and made out of nothing the things that exist, and multiplied and increased them on account of His holy Church, is angry with you for having sinned against me. ” Shepherd of Hermas, Vision 1. 1.

8. Church of Santa Sabina in Rome (5 th c.).Female figures personifying “the church of the circumcised” and “the church of the Gentiles”

9. Triclinum Mithraeum (1 st c. C. E.) under the Church of San Clemente in Rome

10. 100300 35-107 Ignatius of Antioch 200 69-155 Polycarp 130-200 Irenaeus of Lyons 84-160 Marcion; 100-160 Justin 105?-165? Valentinus 130?-180? Ptolemy 150-215 Clement of Alexandria 150-236? Hippolytus 160-225 Tertullian 185-254 Origen 112 p. Trajan 249-51 p. Decius 177 m. Vienne & Lyons 203 m. Perpetua

11. Map 2 nd c.