1. CZO N-S transect of research catchments Main CZO site Wolverton Last Chance Sugar PineSugar Pine Gin FlatGin Flat MODIS ImageMODIS Image

3. Wireless Sensor Network/ Water balance instrument cluster Figure _. Sensor node architecture: (1) mote, (2) custom data-logger to interface the sensor array, (3) on-site memory storage, (4) 12V battery, (5) snow-depth sensor, (6) humidity and temperature sensor, (7) solar radiation sensor, (8) 10W solar panel, (9) external 8dBi antenna, (10) four soil moisture, temperature, and matric potential sensors at varying depths. Water balance instrument cluster components Figure _. Current layout of the SSCZO wireless sensor network.

4. Wireless Sensor Network/ Water balance instrument cluster Figure _. Variability of catchment-wide parameters for WY2010: a) average depth snow depth, b) soil moisture ad varying depths. Figure _. Mean and variability of snow depth, and VWC on four survey dates. Measurements are shown as grey circles (except for the large number of points in the LIDAR data set). The line denotes the mean; the dark region denotes one standard deviation, and the light region denotes the standard error of the mean.

5. CZO N-S transect of research catchments Main CZO site 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 Elev., m San Joaquin Experimental Range 400 m Shorthair Creek 2700 m CZO P301 2000 m Soaproot Saddle 1100 m E-W transect of flux towers

6. Winter cold limited Temperature Year-round growing season Summer drought limited Growing season Increasing Elevation Water availability ET based on transect of CZO flux towers

7. Cumulative evapotranspiration Midmontane forest – year round ET results in high annual ET Subalpine forest – minimal ET in winter reduces annual ET 70 50 30 10 0 Cumulative ET, cm fallwinterspringsummer 20 40 60 M. Goulden, manuscript in preparation

8. Figure _. Sap flow compared to canopy top air temperature and carbon flux for late August 2010. M. Goulden

9. O N D J F M A M J J A SD J F M A M J J A S Catchment-scale water balance Bales et. al, submitted

10. Average water-balance components for WY 2009 Bales et. al, submitted

11. Liu et. al, submitted Ion concentrations and discharge for Providence and Bull catchments for WY2004-2007