2. Why did they explore?  GOLD!!!!!!  God!!!!!!!  Glory!!!!!!

3. Gold!!!! (Money)  At first they were looking for a shorter route to Asia to find spices  They also wanted salt!!!  Most of all they heard about the rumors of gold in the new land!  (Coronado let that one out)

4. God!!!!  These empires believed that Christianity should be the only religion in the world.

5. Glory!!!!  Rulers were in a race with other European countries to build the biggest empire!  They each thought they were superior to each other  Spain kept fighting with France  France and England were often at war

6. Danger! Danger at sea!  An old sailor finally came back to land after years at sea. When his best friend saw him, he exclaimed, “You look terrible! You have a peg-leg, a hook for a hand, and an eye patch! What happened? “Well,” said the battered sailor, “I got the peg leg after a cannonball hit me when we were battling with pirates. The hook is from when I fought with a dozen angry natives and they cut off my hand. And the eye patch is from a stormy day at sea when I got some water in my eye.” His friend listened sympathetically, but then said, “Wait a minute…You don’t need an eye patch just because some water gets in your eye.” “Well,” admitted the old sailor, “I wasn’t used to the hook yet….”

7. Obstacles!  Poor maps and navigational tools  Disease and starvation  Fear of the unknown  Lack of supplies

8. Navigational tools  Astrolabe  Dates back more than 1000 years!  One of the first navigational tools to use the position of the sun when determining location

9. Octant  Used for measuring the exact position of the sun and stars for navigational purpose  Octant – used until 1767.  Replaced by the sextant

10. lanterns  Dark below deck at night  (no light bulbs in the 16 th and 17 th centuries)

11. Compass  Uses a metal needle to determine earth’s magnetic field  The world’s most important navigational instrument since the 14 th century

12. weapons  This job was a dangerous job  Swords, knives, shotguns

13. Bells  Sailors didn’t have watches  Relied on bells to signal the time while out to sea  Also used as a distress call, or to give warning  Gave ship an identity

14. Flags  Displayed the nationality of the ship  Also used for warning signals or to ask for help

15. maps  Weren’t accurate…..  The explorers still had not explored all areas  Hard to tell where they were going even with their instruments

16. Map of the world 1550s

17. Map 1787

18. Disease!  Arrrrrgggg Scurvy!!!!! Deficiency of Vitamin C. (Could not store fresh fruits or veggies)  Hunger! (Food became infested with bugs and well, they just plain ran out)  Thirst (No fresh water…only beer…water they had would become infested with bugs)

19. Fear of the Unknown!!!  Where are we going?!?!?!!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!  What is going to be there?!?!?!?!?!?!!?!?!?  Is there going to be bad weather?!?!?!?!?!!  Are we going to have enough food!?!?!?!?!  Are pirates going to attack us!?!?!?!?!?!?!?

20. Lack of supplies  How long are we going to be gone?  I don’t know!?!?!?!  Let’s hope we have enough food and supplies!!!!

21. With everything at risk…the explorers were able to achieve ….  New exchanges…The Great Exchange  New Ships and Tools….more accurate navigational tools and sturdier ships  New lands…claimed more territory!

23. Our adventure ahead!  For Spain: Christopher Columbus and Francisco Coronado  For the English: John Cabot  For the French: Robert La Salle and Samuel de Champlain  For the Portuguese: Henry the Navigator  Stay tuned for more adventure!!!!

24. Your task  You are lost at sea…..  Write a letter home describing your journey…  The food (or lack there of)  Disease  The weather  Not knowing where you are going…

25.  Dear family,  The year is 1501, we are out to sea and it has been hard! The weather has been horrible the past couple days! We have encountered wind storms! The stormy seas is not a friend to us. Our boat almost sunk the other day because so much water got up on the deck.  Also, the food is horrible. I broke a tooth on the hardtack the other day. The salted pork is disgusting. I miss your home cooking. To make matters worse we are almost out of food!