1. Presence in Mobile VoIP networks Alex Shneyderman Senior Product Manager Cisco-dynamicsoft ashneyderman@dynamicsoft.com 973-980-9177 ashneyderman@dynamicsoft.com

2. 2 Internet Telephony Agenda Role of presence Presence definitions and current trends Technology behind current presence solutions Applying presence solutions to specific operator’s needs Conclusion

3. 3 Internet Telephony What is presence? In a pervasively mobile society, access to information is no longer determined by the availability of communication media but rather by the subscriber’s willingness and ability to communicate. Operators can determine if a subscriber is both willing and able to communicate by using technology which can discover and distribute the real-time subscriber state information Presence is defined as a collection of real-time data describing the ability and willingness of a user to communicate across specific media and devices. Presence deployment architectures can roughly be divided into two categories: Network Presence used by the network to facilitate call control Client Presence used by user devices to enable users or client applications to make communications decisions directly.

4. 4 Internet Telephony Standardizing Presence Presence is being standardized by a number of standards groups such as IETF, 3GPP, and PAM forum. SIMPLE Simple is developed by IETF and Backed by many industry leaders including Cisco and Microsoft. SIMPLE provides a set of extensions to SIP to cover presence requirements not yet addressed by SIP location server by introducing new message extensions PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE, and NOTIFY. OMA IMPS Open Mobile Alliance Instant Messaging and Presence Services workgroup is backed by Major handset manufacturers Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola Creates a set of specifications for propagating instant messages and presence information between a mobile handset and a server in the mobile network PAM Presence and Availability Management standard created by PAM Forum to standardize Presence concepts independent of applications and networks. PAM specifications are not protocols but rather a set of APIs PAM Is a de-facto presence standard of ETSI and 3GPP

5. 5 Internet Telephony What problems can be addressed with Presence? Limitations of existing services Availability alerts voice mail PTT unconfirmed indicator Mobile Instant Messaging accuracy conferencing Lack of Information about the user Who (user identity)? Where (geographical location)? When (user preferences and availability)? How (device capability, available communications media)? Why (policies, permissions, eligibility, necessity, information type)? Lack of Interesting New Services Location/presence Relationship management PTT call handling enhancements Presence enhanced service request routing Presence enhanced address books and directory services

6. 6 Internet Telephony The Network Effect User State In a meeting, outside, driving, geo-location Application In a call, playing a game, device capabilities Connection IP Address, MIN, URI Registration Online/offline No Presence The Value Of Presence Increases Exponentially with the Richness of the Data It Has Access to The Natural Evolution Of The Carrier Network Is Toward A Subscriber- Aware Network Which Centralizes Storage and Distribution of Presence Data The Carrier Who Offers the Best Real-time Presence to Users and Other Applications Has Tremendous Leverage Value and Accuracy of Presence

7. 7 Internet Telephony Practical Presence

8. 8 Internet Telephony Presence Solution components Presence Server A Presence Server designed for discovery, management and propagation of presence information. Location Server or SIP registrar used to support routing of SIP requests Presence triggers SS7 gateway used to gather connectivity and call state from the carrier's HLR. AAA presence gateway used to collect network connectivity state from the carrier's AAA server IM gateway for desktop IM presence Presence client BREW/Palm OS/Windows-based client and app capable of displaying and collecting presence Presence applications Missed Call Service Call Back Alert Presence-enhanced PTT etc

9. 9 Internet Telephony Presence Server

10. 10 Internet Telephony Presence Server Functionality Rich Presence Discovery capability Is Stored and managed in a Single Location Is Distributed As Needed Subscriber information to other networks, applications and clients Real-Time Application information Information unique to the applications Real-Time Network information Information unique to the operator/handset relationship Real-time subscriber information Information unique to the user/handset relationship Privacy Policy Presence Server Presence- enhanced call control Presence- enhanced applications

11. 11 Internet Telephony Cellular with PTT LIF, MAP SOAP SMPP SIP/SIMPLE MAP SMSC GMLC Presence Sources Application Server AAA/RADIUS Calendar Clients HLR Instant Conferencing Push-to-Talk Applications Smart forwarding Enhanced call routing Presence Server IP PBX SIP Servers Access NetworkInfrastructure Presence-enabled VoIP Applications VoWi-Fi Presence Server Deployment in VoIP networks

12. 12 Internet Telephony Key Features of a Presence Server Presence discovery and distribution Receives presence information from multiple sources Combines presence from multiple sources based on the collected state Collects presence through on-demand querying, periodic polling, and triggering Supports multiple protocols for interfacing to external data sources Propagates Presence Data out to All Authorized Subscribers and Applications through Standards-based Interfaces Strong policy and authorization control Users/providers can specify who sees their presence Users/providers can specify what is seen, and when it is seen Controls what applications and users get access to presence Controls which applications can push presence into the Presence Server

13. 13 Internet Telephony Presence Discovery Presence Server must be capable of discovering network presence with various degrees of accuracy from all real-time subscriber state information sources available in the network Examples of Presence sources SS7 presence interrogation periodic polling triggering AAA presence SIP Presence SIP registrar updates via SIPMPLE SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY Client Presence Client publish User defined presence Calendar presence

14. 14 Internet Telephony Presence Client

15. 15 Internet Telephony Getting Presence To The Handset Lessons Learned about VoIP Presence Wireless VoIP presence is not the same as desktop VoIP presence Wireless presence may in fact prove to offer richer user information Must Minimize Over-the-Air Bandwidth Minimal representation of information Minimal information necessary Minimal update frequency (zero when not needed) Information Must Be real-time to be useful Updates should be frequent when it is known the user will look at the status Retrieval must be very fast

16. 16 Internet Telephony typical functionality: Support for three basic availability classes: available, not available, shadow mode Works with contacts from the existing phonebook stored on the handset Support for both push and pull presence retrieval options (one-click retrieval and automatic update) Support for one click contact calling capability Yahoo IM-style dynamic presence icons Client examples Quallcom Dynamic directory Verizon Push-to-Talk Gaim client Followap client Typical Presence Client

17. 17 Internet Telephony Real Life Presence solutions

18. 18 Internet Telephony Presence-Enhanced PTT Contact List Adding Presence to PTT/VoIP contact list address user problem of lack of information about the called party Do they have a data session? Are they registered for PTT? Are they in a voice call? Are they in-fact registered? Do they even want to be called? This information can be made available in various forms Basic presence Fetch presence state for contacts when user opens address book Fetch only presence for the contact to which call is about to be made Premium presence Continuously update presence for selected contacts or the whole list in user-defined intervals Add user-defined presence status overriding network presence Presence-enhanced contact list benefits User benefits Availability: Users can see status of others prior to communication Reachability: Users can understand whether the target device is available for a call Operator benefits Additional billable application Better user experience and differentiation

19. 19 Internet Telephony PTT Unconfirmed Indication Defined: Unconfirmed Indication: The PoC Server confirms readiness to receive media before it has received confirmation from downstream elements of readiness to receive media. Needed because the “wake up delay” of dormant mobile telephony data connections may add several seconds to the time required for the request to complete. The caller receives a confirmation tone BEFORE the of the receiver’s reachability confirmation is received. The caller begins speaking and then interrupted by a failure tone up to 14 seconds after they begin speaking Happens when the PoC Server does not have enough information about the availability of the recipient’s mobile device prior to call setup attempt Unconfirmed indicator can be addressed by presence Is the mobile active and reachable from a network perspective? Does user have an active registration for the PoC service? Is the users on a circuit phone call? Do users have an active data session that supports PoC?

20. 20 Internet Telephony Push- to-Talk client 1. Caller initiates a Push-to-Talk session 2. The PTT server sends a query to the Presence server in parallel with placing a call to the target subscriber. Alternatively Presence Server maybe set up to constantly update PTT server with presence information received from AAA Server or HLR 3. Presence Server queries the HLR and AAA Server for circuit call state information and sends called party status to the PTT Server 4. Caller is only allowed to start transmitting voice to the MG if the called party is both REGISTERED and Not on a 2G phone call. In the event that the called party is available, the buffered media is sent on to their mobile device 4123 Push-to-Talk Server Presence Improves Reliability of Unconfirmed Indication Caller Called party Push- to-Talk client PDSN SIP Proxy HLR MSC Presence Server AAA

21. 21 Internet Telephony Missed Call Summary Alex’s phone is currently off, not in network coverage. ALERT called party that they received a call when they were not available Anita Alex _____ Missed Call____ 10:23am Anita Called – 973-555-1212 Options Back When he turns his phone on, he receives a Missed Call Alert Allows Subscribers to Get a Summary of the Calls Missed when their phone was off or out of coverage and caller did not leave a message Missed call summary can be propagated via an SMS Message MCS system can be Integrated with the Operator Voice Mail System

22. 22 Internet Telephony New Applications – Call Back Alert Alex’s phone is currently off. When he turns his phone on, Anita receives the alert or a dial-out _____iAlert______ 10:30am Alex is now reachable Options Back Anita ALERT caller when the called party is most likely reachable Anita Alex “ cannot take your call, press ‘1’ to receive a text notification when he becomes available and you can also leave a message”

23. 23 Internet Telephony Conclusion

24. 24 Internet Telephony Presence Classified Presence detection Presence aggregation Presence distribution Network-basedClient-based Presence Resolve Network limitations Enhance Existing Services Presence Applications Create New Services Presence reporting Presence requesting Presence processing

25. 25 Internet Telephony Presence Deployment conclusions Presence is not easy to sell The benefits and the business case of presence are not fully understood by the market more attractive In the current telecom environment presence is more likely to be deployed to address the limitations or enhance the existing systems rather then to create new apps Presence is more likely to be considered when offered as a feature of an existing system Examples of existing systems which may benefit from presence VoIP-based PTT systems Unconfirmed indicator PTT client Voice mail Call Back Alert Missed call service Enterprise conferencing system Presence-enhanced dynamic directory Presence-enhanced VoIP conferencing

26. Thank you Contact: Alex Shneyderman Senior Product Manager ashneyderman@dynamicsoft.com +1.973.952.5073