1. Security Institutions Reform – Management or Self- Organization?The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Don´t fix it if it ain´t broken

2. Stereotypes and Reality.....

3. International Organisations as Actors?

5. The largest European Security Institution composed of 56 States

6. The Concept of “Interlocking Institutions“

9. “Interlocking Decision-making“ In reality, “Interlocking“ would be undertaken by the respective Foreign Ministries...

10. Origins It was not planned that way, it just happened

11. CurrentStructures

12. Structures I Decision- Making Bodies Structures I Decision- Making Bodies Ministerial Council (annual) Senior Council (2x/year) Chairperson- in-Office (one year) Chair as with C-i-O Chair as with C-i-O Chair rotates quarterly Permanent Council (weekly) Forum for Security Co-operation (weekly) Summit Meetings (bi-annual) Parliamentary Assembly Parliamentary Assembly All 56 Participating States All 56 Participating States

13. Structures II : Executive Level Chairman-in-Office Representative Freedom of Media Secretary General High Commissioner on National Minorities Administrative Control ODIHR Secretariat Conflict Prevention Center (OpsCent+ SitRoom) Department of Management and Finance Office of the SG Department of Human Resources

14. Characteristics Organization for Security and Co-operation Security by Co-operation

15. Characteristics I Regional Arrangement under Chapter VIII UN-Charter Primary Function: Cooperative Security (Art. 52) Primary Function: Cooperative Security (Art. 52) No Enforcement, except when authorized by UN Security Council (Art. 53) Prevention rather than repression

16. Instruments

17. Instruments of Conflict Prevention in the OSCE Framework In the Political Field Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Political and Humanitarian Emergency Mechanisms Missions of Preventive Diplomacy and Crisis Management High Commissioner on National Minorities In the Military Field Confidence- and Security-Building Measures Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Issues Military Emergency Mechanisms

18. Tajikistan Types: preventivepreventive Conflict ResolutionConflict Resolution Post-conflict rehabilitationPost-conflict rehabilitation 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 OSCE Field Operations

20. ? Stability Instability “Transmission belt“

21. Russian Federation criticizes: - “One-sided“ emphasis on problem areas in Eastern Europe; - “Lack of balance“ between the human dimension and the politico- military dimension; - Western domination. Looses interest in OSCE

22. Their last hope vanished... “Platform for co-operative Security” International Co-operation based on Partnership excluding hierarchy and permanent division of labourInternational Co-operation based on Partnership excluding hierarchy and permanent division of labour Istanbul Charter 1999

23. Reforms ?? Panel of Eminent Persons, 2005 Recommend- ations

24. Recommendations: - Strengthening the OSCE's identity and profile. - Improving consultative and decision- making processes. - Clarifying the roles of the Chairman-in- Office and Secretary General. - Enhancing field operations. - Strengthening operational capacities.

25. Recommendations: Strengthening the OSCE's identity and profile: - Legal personality - Concise “Statute” or “Charter” - Raise profile by focusing on limited range of priorities - Provide to the public a better understanding

26. Recommendations: Improving consultative and decision- making processes: - Committee structure (Security, Human Dimension, Economy and Environment) - Merge FSC with Security Committee(?) - Consensus rule preserved - Identify countries blocking consensus - Streamline Ministerial Council Meetings

27. Recommendations: Clarifying the roles of CIO and SG Chairman-in Office: -Political leadership -Political iniatives -Assisting in building consensus Secretary General - Public face - Greater role in identifying potential threats - More active role in operational management coordinating OSCE activities

28. Recommendations: Enhancing field operations: - Clear mandates - Mandates for one year, renewable - Realistic benchmarks - Regular reports by HOMs - Local staffing to build national capacities - Thematic Missions - Transparent selection of HOMs

29. Recommendations: Strengthening operational capacities - Resist proliferation of structures; - Personal and Special Representatives; for limited time, no separate operational capabilites; - Employment based on professionalism, retain staff to preserve continuity; - Re-structure Secretariat to reflect political and operational changes.

30. ...But Russian Resistance continues : - “Lack of balance“ between the human dimension and the politico-military dimension - “One-sided“ emphasis on problem areas in Eastern Europe - Western domination -“Do not criticize our human rights record, but disarm“ - “Send missions also to problem areas in Western Europe“ - “Take us more serious – we are still a major power“ The core area of continued common interest: The fight against terrorism

31. Conclusions Conclusions: a)The OSCE works well within its scope – do not overburden it; b)Problems are less of a structural but more of a political nature; c)Whatever concepts we might prefer – it is the States who finally decide; d)Self-Organization is the only realistic way.