1. Pollution Prevention & Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

2. Sponsored by: Sustainable Design Committee on the Environment AIA

3. EPA Definition: source reduction & other practices reducing or eliminating creation of pollution through: increased efficiency in raw materials, energy, water, resources & protecting natural resources by conservation. It is prior to recycling, treatment or disposal & includes reducing or eliminating pollution hazards to public health & environment. Pollution Prevention: P2

4.  equipment or technology modifications  process or procedure modifications  reformulation or redesign or products  substitution of raw materials &  improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training or inventory control Source: P2 Includes:

5. NRDC Report Benchmarking Air Pollution from Top 100 Electric Companies Shows Carbon Dioxide Pollution Increasing. Green-e renewable electricity certification www.green-e.org In contrast, on a life cycle basis, green energy eliminates more pollution than any other industrial activity. Green Energy

6. State of Minnesota Design for Environment (DfE) Toolkit helps improve product LCA benefits throughout the supply chain (fig. 1 Sustainable Textile Standard). General Product Life Cycle

7. EPA’s DfE Program uses LCAs to examine product environmental impacts over their entire life cycle, from raw materials extraction to manufacturing, use, & disposition. LCA can help achieve P2. Source: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

8. Auto refinishing Adhesives Garment & textile care Flexographic & gravure printing Industrial & institutional laundry Integrated environmental management systems Lead free solder Source: EPA also used LCA to improve product design in:

9. How are LCA Tools Used? For product design and improvement For product evaluation and comparison For product specification and purchase What might be in an LCA toolkit ?  MTS Standards for Sustainable Products eLCie™ Web-tool for Product Selection BEES ® System for Product Improvement LEED™ Green Building Rating System

10. http://www.epa.gov/ord/NRMRL/std/sab/iam_traci.htm EPA Sustainable LCA Technology

11. Ozone depletion Global warming/climate change Acidification Eutrophication Smog Human health cancer Human health noncancer Human health criteria Ecotoxicity Fossil fuel use Land use Water use http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/software/bees.html EPA’s TRACI is used in the BEES LCA Tool & characterizes impacts including:

12. Interface Sabi Interface Transformation J&J Industries- SBR Latex J&J Industries- LIFESPAN*MG Mohawk Regents Row Mohawk Meritage Natural Cork Parquet Tile Natural Cork Floating Floor Forbo Linoleum/No-VOC Glue Trespa Virtuon ceiling/casewk. Trespa Athlon ceiling/casewk. Trespa Meteon exterior finish ISG Brick & Fly Ash Mortar ISG 3-coat Stucco w/Fly Ash ISG 1-coat Stucco w/Fly Ash Trespa Virtuon partition/lockers Trespa Athlon partition/lockers Shaw Ecoworx Carpet Tile C&A ER3 Carpet Tile Bentley Prince Street Hyperion Bentley Prince Street Mercator Interface PrairieSchool BEES ISO Compliant LCAs are available for 32 products

13. Herman Miller Aeron Chair Herman Miller Ambi Chair Trespa Toplab Plus Counters Trespa Athlon Counters Lafarge Silica Fume Cement ISG IP Cement Lafarge NewCem Slag Cement Generic 35 % Fly Ash Cement Lafarge Portland Type I Cement Lafarge CKD Soil Enhancer BioTrans Transformer Oil Products Cont…

14. BEES supports Federal agencies purchase of biobased products & is Sponsored by EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program, USDA & NIST. NIST needs information on manufacturers’ products so that Federal personnel may consider them in their purchase decisions. http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/software/bees/please/USDA/bees_please.html BEES LCAs on Bio-based Products Allows Them to be Considered for Preferable Federal Government Purchasing

15. Climate Change

16. Environmental Performance

17. Overall Performance

18. US Green Building (USGBC) Council LEED LCA Initiative Launch in 2004 USGBC Initiated ASTM & ISO LCA Standards in 1993

19. Product Example Milliken Earth Square carpet tiles: ISO compliant LCA meet MTS’ LCA Standard. LCA identifies product benefits/impacts throughout the supply chain, & is required by law for sustainable, green, or EPP products because consumers believe these products are environmentally beneficial in all respects.

20. For 99% postconsumer recycled content For extended product Life For more than 20% takeback For transparent closed loop process For achieving social equity For LCA & DfE process Milliken Earth Square Certified Gold Sustainable Textile

21. The Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS) worked with the textile, design & government communities, in approving a National Consensus Sustainable Textile Standard © for carpet, fabric & apparel. Sustainable Textile Standard ©

22. Substantial Global Benefits for Carpet, Fabric & Apparel- Environmental, Social, & Economic over the supply chain Textile Rating System: Certified, Silver, Gold & Platinum Business Benefits: cost savings, product differentiation, long term customer relationships, liability reduction Market Definition of Sustainable Textile Life Cycle Environmental Performance Requirements Social Performance Requirements over the supply chain Defines Sustainable Agriculture for Textile Sustainable Textile Standard © Benefits

23. MTS Ad Promotes LCA Label on Products Clearly links with our message, and with the needs of our customers. Advertisement asks the most pertinent question in the mind of our customers.

24. Thus, the best environmental choice is the lowest mercury content, highest energy efficient, & longest life lamp, as specified in LEED-Existing Buildings. LCA of Lamps Using LCA, the Greatest Impact by Far Over all Environmental Impact Categories, is the Energy Efficiency of the Lamp, which Supplants Primarily Coal Fired Power.

25. ComponentsInventory & Impact Assessment of Releases & Energy Use Collection and Evaluation of Data LCA of Wallboard

26. LCA is product specific (MARMOLEUM ® ), not category specific (linoleum). Every product stage in MARMOLEUM ® and ARTOLEUM ® is evaluated against each environmental impact category below. Product Example

27. Life-Cycle Assessment… the true measurement of environmental performance Forbo Linoleum’s ISO 14040 Compliant LCA Meets MTS’ LCA Standard. Forbo provides a legally binding & publicly disclosed certification.

28. How do we use what we learn from LCA’s?

29. Manufacturing Comprehensive life- cycle data shows a significantly smaller total environmental impact than is typical for that industry. LIFE-CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

30. Environmental Impact of Typical Carpet Face Fiber (In Lbs unless noted) Per pound of fiber in carpet TypicalAntronChange Industry 2000 Depletable Resources7.4 lbs6-20% Global Warming Emissions21.312.6-41% Other Air Emissions0.170.14-20% Land Emissions/Solid Waste10.77.2-33% Water Use (In Gals)53.3-34% Safety/Health (Benchmark) 104-60% Value Recovery 00.1+10% (Actual numbers behind the index) total environmental impact

31.  ….environmental considerations as part of the normal purchasing process.  Emphasize pollution prevention…....  Examine multiple environmental attributes…...  Compare relevant environmental impacts…..  Based on …. Accurate and meaningful information….  Uses a life cycle approach EPA Final Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Guidance

32. product or service is tested to perform to industry standards Product Performance

33. Actively Specifying

34. Developed by the International Design Center for the Environment (IDCE) working in collaboration with Sylvatica, Tellart and others Primary users: architects, interior designers, and facilities managers Additional usage: manufacturers communicate the environmental impacts of products using common metrics A science-based streamlined web LCA tool, comparing & reducing product environmental cradle to cradle impacts

35. What does eLCie add to LCA tools? Increases designers’ access to LCA results Lowers manufacturers’ data collection time Improves data quality and transparency Reduces LCA costs for manufacturers Advances collaboration on LCA based tools

37. Thanks to our Sponsors Sustainable Design Committee on the Environment AIA