1. Unit 11 The Old Man and the Sea By Ernest Hemingway

2. 1.luckless 1.having no luck in sth you are trying to do Eg.He died in the desert like so many other luckless explorers.

3. 2.skiff 1. A small boat for one person

4. 3.marlin 1.a large sea fish with a long sharp nose, which people hunt for sport

5. 4.solitary 1. (a person or thing) the only one you can see in a place Eg.a solitary tree in the middle of the field 2.spending a lot of time alone, usually because they like being alone Eg. a solitary man who never spoke to anyone 3.done or experienced without anyone else around Eg. a long, solitary walk across the moors

6. 5.skeleton 1.the structure consisting of all the bones in a human or animal body 2.the most important part of sth,to which more detail can be added later Eg. It is just a skeleton of the report, showing the three basic points. 3.an extremely thin person or animal Eg. The prisoners were just skeletons. 4.skeleton staff / service: only enough to keep an operation running Eg. British Rail is operating a skeleton service on Christmas day.

7. 6.coil 1. To wind or twist into a serious of rings, or to make sth do sth Eg. Please coil the cords neatly before you put them away.

8. 7. furl 1.to roll or fold sth such as a flag, umbrella or sail

9. 8.mast 1. A tall pole on which the sails or flags on a ship are hung 2. A tall metal tower that sends out radio or television signals

10. 9.patch 1.to put a piece of cloth over a hole Eg. A new plan was quickly patched together. 2.to end an argument because you want to stay friendly with someone Eg. Try to patch up your differences before he leaves.

11. 10.gaunt 1.very thin and pale, esp because of illness or continued worry Eg. I looked into her face and it was gaunt with exhaustion. 2.(a building, mountain) very plain and unpleasant

12. 11.haul 1.to pull sth heavy with a continuous, steady movement Eg. The fisherman were hauling in their nets. 2.haul sb over the coals: to speak to sb angrily because they have done sth wrong 3.to carry goods in a vehicle 4.haul up: to officially bring sb to a court of law to be judged Eg. Campell was hauled up in front of the magistrate.

13. 12.terrace 1.a row of houses that are joined to each other 2.an area,esp next to a hotel or restaurant, where people can sit outside to drink or eat 3.flat roof 4.flat land: a flat area cut out of a slope, usu one in a series that rise up the slope

14. 13.attain (v.) attainment attainable 1.to succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth after trying for a long time eg. More women are attaining positions of power in public life. 2.to reach a high level eg.Share prices attained a high of $3.27.

15. 14.humility (n.) 1.The quality of not being too proud about oneself

16. 15.disgraceful (adj.) 1.extremely bad or unacceptable eg.It’s a disgraceful state of affairs when decent folk are afraid to leave their homes.

17. 16.turtle (n.) 1.an animal that lives mainly in water and has a soft body covered by a hard shell 2.turn turtle: a boat that turns upside down

18. 17.flatten (v.) 1.to make sth flat or to become flat eg.Noah flattened the cardboard boxes before throwing them away. 2.to destroy a building or town by knocking it down 3.flatten yourself against:to press your body against sth flattened: unhappy and embarrassed because of what someone has said about you

19. 18.overlap (v.) 1.(two things) part of sth covers part of another thing 2.two sets, subjects or ideas include some but not all of the same things eg.This is where sociology overlaps with economics.

20. 19.sturdy (adj.) 1.(someone) strong, short and healthy looking 2.an object that is strong, well-made eg.a sturdy wall 3.determined and not easily persuaded to change the opinions eg.They kept up a sturdy opposition to the plan.

21. 20.tinted (adj.) 1.(glass)colored, rather than completely transparent

22. 21.crease (n.) 1.a line on cloth, paper made by folding eg.You’ve got a crease in your dress where you have been sitting. 2.the line where the player has to stand to hit the ball

23. 22.stew (n.) 1.a cooked fish, made of meat and vegetables that are cooked slowly together in liquid 2.in a stew: to be confused or anxious, esp because you are in a difficult situation eg.You are in a real stew about this interview, aren’t you?

24. 23.rig (v.) 1.to arrange or influence an election, competition eg.She claimed the election was rigged. 2.to provide a ship with ropes, sails etc 3.rig sb out: to dress sb in special clothes eg.They had rigged the little boy out in a sailor suit.

25. 24.tar (n.) 1. a black substance thick and sticky when hot but hard when cold 2. a sticky substance that is formed by burning tobacco

26. 25. oakum (n.) 1.small pieces of old rope used for filling up small holes in the side of wooden ships

27. 26.evacuate evacuation 1.to send people to a safe place from a dangerous place Eg. The villagers were evacuated to the countryside. 2.to empty a place by making all the people leave Eg. The whole building has been evacuated. 3. To empty your bowels

28. 27.ancestor ancestral 1. A member of your family who lived a long time ago 2. The form in which a modern machine, vehicle first existed Eg. Babbage’s invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.

29. 28. sampan a small boat used in China and Southeast Asia

30. 29.despair 1.a feeling that you have no hope at all for the future Eg. I sent ages trying to fix it, but gave up in despair. Norman’s constant drinking drives his family to despair. 2.the despair of:someone or something that makes sb feel worried, upset

31. 30.McCarthy

32. 31.alliance allied 1.an agreement in which two or more countries to work together in order to change or achieve sth Eg. The two countries entered into a defensive alliance. 2.a group that is formed when two or more countries work together Eg. Relief workers in alliance with local charities are trying to help the famine victims.

33. 32.umbrella organization An organization that includes many smaller groups

34. 33.get away with 1.to not be caught or punished for sth you have done wrong Eg. I don’t know they manage to get away with paying such low pages. 2.to be able to do sth, even though it is not the best thing to do Eg.I think you could just about get away with wearing navy shoes with that dress.

35. 34. showcase 1. An event or situation that is designed to show the good qualities of a person, organization or product Eg. The new musical is a good showcase for her talents. 2. A glass box containing objects for people to look at in a shop

36. 35.gruesome Very unpleasant and shocking, and usually connected with death or injury Eg. Spare me all the gruesome details.

37. 36.stark starkness 1.very simple and severe in appearance Eg. In the cold light the castle looked stark and forbidding. 2.unpleasantly clear and impossible to avoid Eg. The film shows the stark realities of life in the slums. stark reality / choice 3.complete or total Eg. Jerry’s eyes were widely open with a look of stark terror.

38. 37.decapitate decapitation to cut off someone’s head

39. 38.belly 1.your stomach Eg. She lay on her belly in the long grass. 2.the underneath of an animal’s body 3.a curved or rounded part of an object Eg. the belly of a plane

40. 39.rip 1.to tear sth quickly and violently Eg. I’ve ripped my skirt on a nail. 2.rip sth open:to open sth by tearing it Eg. Sue ripped the letter open. 3.to remove sth quickly and violently Eg. We’ve had to rip down all the wallpaper.

41. 40.nude 1.not wearing any clothes; naked 2.done or involving people who are not wearing any clothes Eg. There are several nude scenes in the film.

42. 41.pornography pornographic 1. Magazines, films that show sexual acts and images that is intended to make people excited 2. The treatment of sexual acts in pictures or films to make people excited

43. 42. agony 1.very severe pain Eg. The poor guy was in agony. 2.a very sad, difficult or unpleasant situation eg. It was agony not knowing if she would live.

44. 43.appall appalled appalling 1. To shock sb by being very sad or unpleasant eg. The whole idea of killing animals for fur appalls me. Rescue workers were appalled at what they saw.

45. 44.hook 1.to catch a fish with a hook Eg. I hooked a 20 pound salmon last week. 2.to fasten or hang sth onto sth else Eg. He managed to hook his leg over the branch. 3. To bend your fingers, arm or leg so that you can pull or hold sth else Eg. Jack hooked his arm around the other man’s neck.

46. 45.atrocity atrocious 1.an extremely cruel and violent action, esp during a war

47. 46.quest 1.esp literary a long search for sth such as truth or knowledge Eg. the quest for enlightenment

48. 47.complex 1.a group of building that are close together, or containing smaller buildings that are used for the same purpose Eg. They are a vast new shopping complex in the town. 2. An emotional problem in which sb is unnecessarily anxious about sth or thinks too much about sth Eg. She’s has some kind of a complex about her nose.

49. 48.indignant indignation 1.expressing anger and surprise because you feel insulted or unfairly treated Eg. Harriet was indignant at the suggestion that she might need help.

50. 49.squid 1. A sea creature with a long body and ten arms around the mouth

51. 50.lace 1.lace up: to pull sth together or fasten sth by tying a lace Eg. Lace up your shoes or you’ll trip over. The canvas was laced to a steel frame. 2.to pass a string through holes in sth such as a pair of shoes 3.to add a small amount of alcohol or a drug to a drink 4. Be laced with: (a book or speech)has a lot of particular qualities through it

52. 51.outrage outrageous 1.a feeling of great anger and shock Eg. The injustice of the situation filled him with a sense of outrage. 2.a very cruel,violent and shocking action or event Eg. These terrorist attacks are an outrage against society.

53. 52.dogged Dogged actions or behavior show that you are very determined to continue doing sth Eg. her dogged determination to succeed

54. 53.come to terms with To accept an unpleasant situation or event and no longer feel upset or angry about it Eg. It’s hard to come to terms with being unemployed.

55. 54.spearhead To lead an attack or organized action Eg. Ross spearheaded a campaign to improve sales.

56. 55.expatriate To force sb to leave their own country and go to live in another country, esp. because they have broken the law

57. 56.insanity 1.very stupid actions that may cause you serious harm Eg. It was sheer insanity to drive across the mountains in the dark. 2.the state of being seriously mentally ill, so that you cannot live normally in society Eg. The court acquitted Campbell on the grounds of temporary insanity.