1. Innovation: Indian Initiatives and Challenges Ahead R. Kumar Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012, India

2. Pre 1991 Scenario Command economy (Highly controlled) Inward looking, limited interaction with global economy Production primarily through imported technology, controlled, limited capacity Sellers market, hardly any competition

3. Pre 1991 Scenario …. Indigenisation for simple, nonavailable, or sensitive technologies Significant success in pesticides & drugs, aided by patents act 1970, permitting only process patents

4. Immediate Impact of Globalization Major opportunities because of access to world markets. However, stringent green specifications Industry had to compete with imported products (Many had to close down) Foreign players could invest in both manufacturing and service sectors

5. Immediate Impact of Globalization.. Had to initiate compliance with TRIPS requirements Reverse engineering difficult for patented products

6. Compliance with TRIPS Two amendments to 1970 Patent Act passed in 1999 and 2002, but Product Patent still not allowed Complete compliance including product patent from January 2005 Third amendment in final stages of expert scrutiny. To be placed in Winter session.

7. Compliance with TRIPS ….. Will give policy on Product Patent, compulsory licensing, Parallel imports, etc

8. Available Strategies Purchase contemporary technologies (Generally not available). If at all available, conditions may apply - Territory restrictions - Available in segments - Stake holding - Product swap etc.

9. Available Strategies ….. Joint ventures (Mixed experience) Use lower man power cost for enterprises based on freely available knowledge (IT) Purchase IPR and develop it Innovate: Generate IP, protect it, commercialize it, and market it Innovate in collaboration with other industries, Institutions etc

10. Initiatives: Generate and Protect IPR Awareness and Assistance ( DST, DBT, UGC, CSIR, DOD etc. ) Effect on patents from Educational institutions 1995 - 35, 2002 – 315 Innovation as mass movement (National Innovation Foundation) CSIR: Special Patent Policy, NIF

11. Initiatives: Generate and Protect IPR ….. Concessions to industry having R&D IP generation through networking (> 50 Programs) IP generation through Industry – Industry collaboration Rewards for IPR

12. Commercialization of IPR Bringing innovators & Business together TIFAC Drug Development Board DST’s Drug Support Program – Incubators in Universities, Enabling rules – GOI’s NMITLI – Biotech parks – HRD Ministry’s TDM Initiative

13. Commercialization of IPR ….. Assistance in commercialization – TDB – Venture capital – Banks including IDBI

14. Initiatives for New Opportunities President’s initiative on nano technologies Golden triangle for traditional systems of medicine Sector wise committees for long term strategies (Pharmaceuticals, Information technology etc)

15. Challenges Ahead Integrating existing initiatives, adding new ones, and accelerating Changing mindset from depending on proven technologies to proving new technologies Innovations for Global marketing collaborate with International players. Catalysts, solid-state condensation: GE, DuPont, Ciba Geigy, Oxychem, Exxon, Novartis, Boeing, Praxair etc

16. Challenges Ahead …… Feeder startups Initiative through GB of CEFIPRA Sector wise long term forecasting along with Industry’s perspective Networking From Science towards Functional Science Effective, prompt legal system Make educational system innovation oriented

17. Conclusions India has taken many steps towards becoming a generator of IPR, and converting it to economic activity Some industrial sectors particularly Pharmaceuticals, Chemical and Biotechnology, have set up their own R&D Centers. Others are following suit

18. Conclusions …. India also has a significant intellectual capital, ready to be tapped. But we are still at the beginning stage. Even then we see remarkable upsurge in her economic performance As she completely integrates in the world’s economy, both physically and attitudinally, the results could indeed be spectacular