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2/14/2005 - Slide 1 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY BPL Emission Tests In Briarcliff Manor, NY August 17 - 19,

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Presentation on theme: "2/14/2005 - Slide 1 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY BPL Emission Tests In Briarcliff Manor, NY August 17 - 19,"— Presentation transcript:

1 2/14/2005 - Slide 1 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY BPL Emission Tests In Briarcliff Manor, NY August 17 - 19, 2004 Steve Martin & Andy Leimer – FCC Laboratory On site support provided by Ambient during emission testing

2 2/14/2005 - Slide 2 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Outline Introduction Compliance with Emission Limits BPL Notching Interference Potential to Mobile Radio in Un- Notched Bands

3 2/14/2005 - Slide 3 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Purpose These tests were initiated in response to written complaints from a local radio amateur who operated a mobile radio in 20-meter band, but the tests were also intended to provide data on BPL emission issues in support of the FCC rule-making process.

4 2/14/2005 - Slide 4 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Frequency Allocations of the BPL System The tested BPL system can occupy as many as five bands. One of those bands was “notched” to protect the 20-meter amateur band, used by the complainant AMATEUR BANDS Unnotched Mobile Test Complainant Band BPL FREQUENCY (MHZ) Notched Band

5 2/14/2005 - Slide 5 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Briarcliff Manor BPL Deployment 9 overhead BPL devices 3 “customers” + 1 traffic camera: 2 ConEd employee residences 1 Police station computer Backhaul Traffic camera Relevant BPL device bands 14.4 – 16.3 MHz 19 – 22.8 MHz 1 mile (1.6 km)

6 2/14/2005 - Slide 6 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Compliance with Emission Limits

7 2/14/2005 - Slide 7 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Test Description for Compliance Measurements Calibration –The combination of all cables & filters was calibrated, as a function of frequency, using the spectrum analyzer’s tracking generator Measurement locations –Antenna height: 1 meter –Horizontal offset from the power line on which the BPL signals were injected: 10-meters –Distance down line (south) from BPL coupler: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, & 1 wavelength at 15.3 MHz center frequency –Two antenna orientations used at each location: (1) Plane of loop vertical & parallel to power line, (2) plane of loop vertical & perpendicular to power line Procedure –A broad sweep, band-power measurement was used to ensure that ambient emissions were within the linear range of the analyzer input –Power average spectra were measured at each antenna location & orientation. Antenna was returned to the two locations/orientations exhibiting the highest field strengths and the power average spectra were repeated. CISPR quasi- peak measurement was performed in limited band around frequency of maximum emission Distance extrapolation to 30-meter distance, at which emission limit is specified –40 log of slant range from antenna to power line, based on photographically-measured power line height of 10.6 m and horizontal distance of 10 m –Extrapolation was applied to the emission limit rather than to the measured data, so that the plots indicate actual field strength observed at the antenna location 1.8 MHz High-Pass Filter 44 MHz Low-Pass Filter Spectrum Analyzer Passive Filters Agilent E7405A S/N US41160309 Sierra Electronic Corp Model 18444 Dunestar 400HPF Active loop antenna ETS Lindgren Model 6507 S/N 1500

8 2/14/2005 - Slide 8 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Compliance with Emission Limits Device selection –BPL medium voltage coupler on Dalmeny Rd was selected for measurement based on complainant’s statement that interference problem was greatest along Dalmeny and Pleasantville Roads and on the fact that the Dalmeny road site provided safe access for testing Results –Maximum measured quasi-peak emission was 3.3 dB over limit—an amount within measurement uncertainty BPL COUPLER LOOP ANTENNA

9 2/14/2005 - Slide 9 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Compliance with Emission Limits

10 2/14/2005 - Slide 10 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Compliance with Emission Limits

11 2/14/2005 - Slide 11 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY BPL Notching

12 2/14/2005 - Slide 12 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Equipment Setup for Notch Measurements Calibration –The combination of all cables and filters was calibrated, as a function of frequency, using the tracking generator in the spectrum analyzer Device under test –Medium voltage coupler on Dalmeny Rd Measurement location –Antenna placed directly under power line, on a mast, with the loop centered 5.3 meters above the ground, 5 meters downline from the coupler, with the antenna axis horizontal and perpendicular to the line 1.8 MHz High-Pass Filter 44 MHz Low-Pass Filter Spectrum Analyzer Passive Filters Agilent E7405A S/N US41160309 Sierra Electronic Corp Model 18444 Dunestar 400HPF Active loop antenna: ETS Lindgren Model 6507 S/N 1500

13 2/14/2005 - Slide 13 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Effectiveness of Notch for 20-meter Amateur Band Tests performed at Dalmeny Rd customer site Notch performance was inadequate—based on peak spectrum observations and radio listening tests –Problem 1: Notch was partially filled in by an unnotched BPL device 0.7 miles away Solution during test: Notch on remote device implemented by manufacturer’s representative –Problem 2: Polling communications ignore the notch programming An attempt to reduce the problem by increasing polling interval was judged to be inadequate Manufacturer’s proposed near-term solution –Shift entire operating band upward Manufacturer’s proposed far-term solution –Bug to be fixed in future generation of hardware Notch testing was abandoned pending near-term fix

14 2/14/2005 - Slide 14 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Interference Potential to Mobile Radio in Un-Notched Bands

15 2/14/2005 - Slide 15 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Testing Monitored signal levels on a mobile receiver connected to a mobile amateur whip antenna while driving through a BPL area (Photo shows van parked under power lines to observe notch depth) Power line height – 10.6 m Antenna center height – 3 m

16 2/14/2005 - Slide 16 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Test Description for Mobile Radio Signal Strength Measurements Signal strength and position logging and mapping for driving tests –Signal strength and GPS coordinates were logged at 2-second intervals to comma-delimited.CSV files. Signal strength –Signal strength was monitored using the serial port of the receiver. Output has a lower bound of -114 dBm, even when actual signal strength is lower. –Antenna and receiver are uncalibrated. Intent of tests are to show relative signal strengths. Receiver mode –AM with 5.5 kHz bandwidth Frequency selection –Receiver was tuned while away from the BPL area to a frequency having no active transmissions –Frequency was selected within the intended downstream injection band of an overhead BPL coupler ICOM Receiver Model R-8500 S/N 1201 15 and 20-meter whip antennas from Iron Horse IHF-5S HF Mobile Antenna Kit (for 21 and 14.285 MHz tests). Antenna was magnetically mounted to top of minivan. Garmin GPS-V GPR Receiver GPS antenna magnetically mounted to top of minivan Dell Laptop Computer Model PP02X running on battery USB-to-Serial Converter

17 2/14/2005 - Slide 17 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz (an unnotched amateur band) –Conducted two driving tests while tuned to “dead air” at 21.2 MHz –Signal strength is indicated by a color and shape scale from white circles (minimum) to red squares (maximum) –Triangular icons show the locations of the three BPL devices that occupied the monitored frequency, as well as six out-of-band BPL devices. –The in-band devices injected BPL signals onto the power line continuously—regardless of the presence of data traffic. BPL Deployment BPL devices: In-band (19 – 22.8 MHz) Out-of-band (14.4 – 16.3 MHz) Signal Strength (dBm) 3 miles (4.8 km)

18 2/14/2005 - Slide 18 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz (an unnotched amateur band) –Expanded version of the driving test plot –Locations of the “in-band” BPL devices are clearer. –Plot also shows BPL Audibility Bounds—explained on the next chart BPL devices: In-band (19 – 22.8 MHz) Out-of-band (14.4 – 16.3 MHz) BPL Audibility Bounds: AM at 21.2 MHz Signal Strength (dBm) 2 miles (3.2 km)

19 2/14/2005 - Slide 19 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio BPL Audibility at 21.2 MHz BPL Audibility Bounds on Mobile Radio at 21.2 MHz (an unnotched amateur band) –BPL emissions in the 19 – 22.8 MHz band produced a distinctive tonal sound under AM detection due to the always-on BPL emissions in this band and the OFDM carrier structure –During some parts of the driving tests while tuned to “dead air” at 21.2 MHz, coordinates at which BPL signals became inaudible or audible (depending on driving direction) were saved. These are indicated by the black squares on the adjacent map. –In general, BPL audibility ended quickly when roads departed from the power lines, but the BPL sounds could be heard at a straight line distance up to 1.7 miles (2.7 km) from the nearest in-band BPL device when power lines followed the road 1.7 mi (2.7 km) BPL devices: In-band (19 – 22.8 MHz) Out-of-band (14.4 – 16.3 MHz) BPL Audibility Bounds: AM at 21.2 MHz

20 2/14/2005 - Slide 20 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz Further expanded version of the driving test plot (unnotched amateur band) BPL devices: In-band (19 – 22.8 MHz) Out-of-band (14.4 – 16.3 MHz) BPL Audibility Bounds: AM at 21.2 MHz Signal Strength (dBm) POINT A 1 mile (1.6 km)

21 2/14/2005 - Slide 21 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz (Unnotched Amateur Band) POINT A Straight-Line Distance From Point A (Intersection of N. State & Pleasantville Rds) (m)

22 2/14/2005 - Slide 22 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz Versus Distance from Nearest In-Band BPL Device Received signal strength is shown as a function of straight line distance to nearest in-band BPL device. Based on aural observations of radio reception, most of the plotted elevated signal levels at distances less than ~1 km are believed to be caused by BPL emissions. Most of those beyond ~1.2 km are believed to originate from other sources.

23 2/14/2005 - Slide 23 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Mobile Radio Received Signal Strength at 21.2 MHz Versus Distance from Nearest In-Band BPL Device Plot does not separate the effect of distance along the power line, which exhibits a relatively slow dropoff in BPL emissions, and distance away from the power line, which exhibits a rapid dropoff with distance. Variability at a given distance value shown on plot is believed to be caused primarily by differences in distance from the BPL-carrying power line. Some of the highest peaks may be the result of BPL- carrying power lines passing directly over the road.

24 2/14/2005 - Slide 24 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Test Description for Mobile Radio Reception Tests With AM Input Signal Source –A cassette recording of voice, feeding the modulation input of an RF signal generator, produced an AM modulated signal, which was connected to the receiver input through an attenuator and a directional coupler. An amateur whip antenna was also coupled into the receiver input through the low-loss path of the directional coupler. Generator output level was set to achieve a specified signal level at the receiver input—as monitored by the laptop computer connected to the serial interface on the receiver—with the antenna replaced by a 50-ohm termination. Receiver mode –AM with 5.5 kHz bandwidth Recording –A video camcorder monitored the view through the windshield and view of the receiver; audio from the receiver’s speaker was recorded through the built-in microphone of the camcorder –Audio was also recorded by direct connection of an audio cassette recorder to the receiver audio output. Frequency selection –The signal generator and receiver were tuned within an amateur band to a frequency containing no obvious communications. Tests were conducted in an amateur band that was not notched by the BPL system and in one that was notched. Signal strength and position logging and mapping for driving tests –As described previously ICOM Receiver Model R-8500 S/N 1201 Garmin GPS-V Receiver GPS antenna magnetically mounted to top of minivan Dell Laptop Computer Model PP02X running on battery USB-to-Serial Converter 15 or 20-meter whip antenna (from Iron Horse IHF-5S HF Mobile Antenna Kit)--magnetically mounted to top of minivan. MiniDV Video Camcorder (Sony DCR-PC100) Sierra 145, Directional Coupler S/N 624 Audio Cassette Recorder w/voice recording Agilent E4437B Signal Generator S/N US41311043 50-ohm Term 6-dB Atten EIEI ERER Serial Cable

25 2/14/2005 - Slide 25 FCC Laboratory FCC Lab/TRB/S. Martin NON-PUBLIC / FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Test Description for Mobile Radio Reception Tests With AM Input Results are contained on a video DVD entitled “BPL Interference Test—Briarcliff Manor—August 2004” –Audio for one track of the DVD (as identified in menu screen) was derived from the audio cassette recording. This allowed improved audio quality, since the audio cassette was recorded by direct cable connection to the radio receiver, whereas the audio from the camcorder was recorded using the camcorder’s built in microphone. Synchronization of the overlayed audio cassette track with the original video was within about two seconds throughout the video track. –Audio on all other tracks came from the camcorder’s built in microphone.


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