1. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Chapter 14 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMON STOCK VALUATION What is intrinsic value (IV)? What is the dividend discount model (DDM)? What is the earnings model (EM)? How does an investor conduct fundamental analysis on a company stock?

2. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMON STOCK VALUATION-Cont. How can an investor value a stock with nonconstant growth? How is the market-to-book ratio (MV/BV) used for investment purposes? What are the pros and cons of using the price/earnings multiple, or P/E ratio?

3. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Intrinsic Value Definition of an intrinsic value –What affects intrinsic value – How to invest based on intrinsic value Undervalued Overvalued

4. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Four intrinsic valuation models Dividend Discount Model (DDM) Earnings Model (EM) P/E Ratio MV/BV Ratio

5. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Dividend Discount Model (DDM) Develop the intrinsic value, V s0 Two implications The general Dividend Discount Model –An example: Lone Star Steakhouse (STAR)

6. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Figure 14.1 – General Rule for Fundamental Analysis

7. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Figure 14.2 – Summary of the STAR Example

8. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Trading rule for fundamental analysis Undervalued Overvalued

9. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Earnings Model (EM) Lone Star Steakhouse: An Earnings Model example The no-growth example The constant-growth example

10. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Implications for growth companies Discussion of the five implications Contrast growth company with a growth stock

11. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Fundamental Analysis in Practice Estimate Growth, g –historical dividend trend growth rate –historical EPS trend growth rate –growth rate g = ROE x b Estimate the required rate of return, ER s Estimate DIV 1

12. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Figure 14.3 – Value Line Report for Lone Star Steakhouse (STAR)

13. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Caveats for DDM DDM is very sensitive to changes in g The market risk premium, (ER M -RF) is difficult to determine ROE 1 is a book value and is an average of many project returns

14. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Nonconstant-Growth Model Value the nonconstant-growth phase via an example Value of the constant-growth phase Intrinsic value of a two-phase nonconstant growth stock General formula for nonconstant-growth model Three-phase nonconstant-growth model Estimating the nonconstant and constant growth rates

15. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Market-to-Book Ratio (MV/BV) Define Market-to-Book Ratio (MV/BV) Why it may discover undervalued stocks Beware of MV/BV

16. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio Define Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio Interpret P/E ratios Determining value from P/E What about low P/Es? Implications for investors

17. Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14 Two alternative ways to use P/E Holt’s alternative use of P/E Firms that pay no dividends or when g > ERs Implications for investors using fundamental analysis A growth company may not necessarily be a good investment Use P/E and MV/BV with caution