1. NSERC - NanoIP and the Canadian Perspective P. Grutter Physics, McGill University CIAR Nanoelectronics Program Scientific Director, NSERC NanoIP grutter@physics.mcgill.ca

2. Science Fiction: 7of 9 on Star Trek

3. Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kV A. Schirmeisen, G. Cross, A. Stalder, U. Durig P. Grutter

4. Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

5. Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

6. Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

7. Single atom on tungsten tip Imaged at 2.1 KV

9. “If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering.” (…) Neal Lane, Assistant to former US President Clinton for science and technology The Impact of Nano “The total societal impact of nanotechnology is expected to be much greater than that of the silicon integrated circuit because it is applicable in many more fields than just electronics.”

10. How big is a nanometer?

11. nm

12. Definition of Nanoscience Nanoscience and Nanotechnology investigates and applies phenomena, systems and structures where: 1. At least one dimension l c is a few nm 2. The properties are qualitatively different because l < l c Condition 2 distinguishes ‘nano’ from ‘micro’, macro- molecular chemistry’ or ‘biology’

13. Sub-micron is not nano! ‘Nanotechnology on silicon products: Intel leads in production and research’ (Wall Street Journal)

14. Beware of PowerPoint Science or Cartoon Engineering !!!

17. Where will nano make an impact? Electronics and photonics –molecular electronics, spintronics –photonics –sensors Materials –ultra-fine powders, composites –harder, more corrosion resistant, dirt/bacteria repellent –green manufacturing, cost effective Bio-medical –emerging applications (materials, diagnostics, drug delivery...) –biomedical research tools (labeling, nanotools applied to biomed ) –biotechnology applied to nanoscience & technology

18. New materials: non-permeable, self- cleaning, anti-septic,... Lotus leaf Lotus leaf (artificial): nm sized hydrophobic wax size: water rolls (not slides) -> cleans sol-gel based technique -> on market Self-cleaning plastic, textiles: CNT stabilized enzymes in polymer Textiles with ‘Stain Defender’ Air-D-Fense Air-D-Fense (InMat, New Jersey): nanoclay/butyl thin film 3000 fold decreased permeability Ceramic Coatings: Ceramic Coatings: (Inframat) No barnacles on ship hulls: reduced drag

19. Nano materials in labeling High throughput multiplexed assays (‘nano bar code’) Optical tracking on a cellular level with tagged CdSe quantum dots: which gene is active? Basis: size dependent emission color of ZnS capped CdSe nano particles

20. Nano in Canada No national strategy (yet) National Institute of Nanotechnology (Edmonton): 120 M$ $ 3.15 B Canadian Foundation of Innovation (10 years) $ 900 M Canadian Research Chairs NanoQuebec $ 10M operating (since 2001) CIAR Nanoelectronics program (since 1999) Many universities on a hiring spree (baby boomers retiring) Cost structure relevant! 1 C$ = 2-3 US$

21. National Science and Engineering Research Council People: support for more than 9,000 graduate students Discovery: funding of more than 8,700 researchers p.a. Innovation: encouraging more than 1,000 Canadian companies to invest in university research. In 2002-2003, NSERC will invest $678 million in university-based research and training in all the natural sciences and engineering.

22. NSERC 2002 Total: $ 10,433k

23. Alberta: $ 812k BC: $ 1,066k Sask.: $ 150k Manitoba: $ 154k Ontario: $ 4,501k Quebec: $ 3,211k PEI: $ 63k Nova Scotia: $ 244k New Brunswick: $ 40k Newfoundland: $ 193k NSERC 2002 Total: $ 10,433k

24. Alberta: $ 812k BC: $ 1,066k Ontario: $ 4,501k Quebec: $ 3,211k NSERC 2002 Total: $ 10,433k

25. Materials Life Sciences Electronics/Photonics Tools 34 17 20 17 Nano Innovation Platform Submissions by Topic 8 9 3 2 38 24 2 2

26. NSERC funding in 2002

28. CFI Infrastructure funding Year # of ProjectsCFI Total 1998 5 0.7 M$ 1.8 M$ 1999 4 7.8 M$ 19.5 M$ 2000 14 17.4 M$ 43.5 M$ 2001 18 4.7 M$ 11.8 M$ 2002 20 27.4 M$ 68.5 M$ Total: 61 58.0 M$ 145.0 M$

29. Nanotools Facility: 9.4 M$, part of NanoQuebec Network

30. CFI Infrastructure and NSERC operating Year # of projects Accumulated Total NSERC 1998 5 1.8 M$ 5.4 M$ 1999 4 21.3 M$ 7.2 M$ 2000 14 64.8 M$ 8.5 M$ 2001 18 76.6 M$ 8.8 M$ 2002 20 145.1 M$ 10.4 M$

31. A few observations Some world class nano research in Canada Spread out over 6000 km Current funding structure does not encourage risk taking Researchers have grant writing fatigue No strategic coordination or science policy Commercialization a problem in Canada

32. Canada is World Class in Nanoscience Patents as strength indicators:

33. Canada is World Class in Nanoscience Patents as strength indicators: Marinova and McAleer, Nanotechnology 14, R1-R7 (2002) TS…Technological Specialization Index PS…Patent Share RAP…Rate of Assignment (=market share) CR…citation rate (=knowledge creation)

34. Canada is World Class in Nanoscience Patents as strength indicators: Marinova and McAleer, Nanotechnology 14, R1-R7 (2002) TS…Technological Specialization Index PS…Patent Share RAP…Rate of Assignment (=market share) CR…citation rate (=knowledge creation)

35. Canada is World Class in Nanoscience Patents as strength indicators: Marinova and McAleer, Nanotechnology 14, R1-R7 (2002) TS…Technological Specialization Index PS…Patent Share RAP…Rate of Assignment (=market share) CR…citation rate (=knowledge creation)

36. NSERC Nano Innovation Platform: “The NSERC Nano Innovation Platform is a multidisciplinary national network of university researchers from many fields of science and engineering created to accelerate and intensify research and education of HQP in nanoscience and nanotechnology in Canada.”

37. Organization of Nano IP Scientific Director (P. Grutter) Assoc. Scientific Director (M. Roseman) Advisory Committee (9 members) Admin. and other support staff International Panel (6 members) NSERC Steering Committee

38. Aim of NSERC Nano IP Develop and implement a national strategy together with all stake holders Support a few high risk projects at a high funding level Facilitate and build local nano communities Increase NSERC budget with and for nano

39. The Canadian Nano Vision: answers to the following questions What is Canada’s position and strength in this field? By the end of 2003 as a community of stakeholders we will have made some strategic choices both in terms of topics as well as where these efforts should geographically be concentrated. We will also have a clearer understanding of what the required funding is and what it will be used for.

40. Summary NanoIP Nine high risk = high visibility projects: NSERC is doing something innovative and visionary in Nano Workshops help build a community with students, researchers across all disciplines and sectors Strategic coordination of Nano in Canada with all stake holders

41. Nano: Renaissance Scientists nm size time solid state physics & engineering biology chemistry now! nm

42. Nano Technology Science! Scaling Laws? Statistics? Better function? Throughput? Nanotechnology is at its infancy, still rather quite primitive! Cost? Systems integration? Environmental impact? Social acceptance? Ethics? some of the issues:

45. NanoIP Awards: Philosophy Excellence, quality, innovation and need for funds. 'The risk taker is the best decision-maker.’ Being first is important. Is it ‘nano’ or a tool for nanoscience? Minimize overhead/workload on applicant(s). International refereeing committee. For first round no selection based on strategic themes.

46. NanoIP Awards: evaluation criteria Is it 'Nano'? Or is it a new tool for nano research? Excellence of proposal. Originality. Track record/potential of applicant(s). Justification of why $100,000 will make an impact. Reasonable to expect significant progress and impact with overall funding?

47. CFI Infrastructure and NSERC operating Year # of ProjectsCFI Total NSERC 1998 5 0.7 M$ 1.8 M$ 5.4 M$ 1999 4 7.8 M$ 19.5 M$ 7.2 M$ 2000 14 17.4 M$ 43.5 M$ 8.5 M$ 2001 18 4.7 M$ 11.8 M$ 8.8 M$ 2002 20 27.4 M$ 68.5 M$ 10.4 M$ Total: 61 58.0 M$ 145.0 M$