2. 1Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Program (VJDCPP) These slides include JD Program information from Drs. Ernest Hovingh (Virginia) Drs. Michael A. Carter (National) and Ernest Hovingh (Virginia) Dr. Gillian Comyn, Designated Johne’s Coordinator, Virginia

3. 2Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne’s Disease is costly! Economic Economic Trade Trade High prevalence in US herd High prevalence in US herd Zoonosis? Zoonosis?

4. 3Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program State USDA APHIS VS USAHA

5. 4Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne's Disease State VBJDCP Programs August 2003 State meeting minimum standards 34 States Not fully compliant

6. 5Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program Mission Statement : (Approved USAHA ’95) Assess any potential association between Johne’s and human health and develop and coordinate implementation of a National Johne’s Program.

7. 6Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program Help protect the public and animal health, reduce economic burden upon producers and develop a uniform approach for control, herd certification, and eventual eradication of this insidious and costly disease in the USA

8. 7Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne’s Disease Control Program FY 04 ~ $14,100,000 to States FY 04 ~ $14,100,000 to States Education Education Producer incentives Producer incentives Laboratory and data infrastructure Laboratory and data infrastructure National demonstration project- 18 States: 68 Herds National demonstration project- 18 States: 68 Herds Field studies-validation of methods Field studies-validation of methods

9. 8Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Purpose Standardize State programs (management plans and testing programs) Foundation for future program activities (animal movement, trade, indemnity, etc) Administration Designated Johne’s disease Coordinator State Johne’s disease Group Johne’s Certified Veterinarians Johne’s Certified Implementers Uniform Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program - Overview

10. 9Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne’s Disease Control Program Basic requirements for States to meet the minimum standards Basic requirements for States to meet the minimum standards Documentation describing: Documentation describing: Johne’s disease Education program in place Johne’s disease Education program in place Management program Management program Test positive program Test positive program Test negative program Test negative program

11. 10Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program

12. 11Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne’s Disease Control Program Basic requirements for States to meet the minimum standards Basic requirements for States to meet the minimum standards Designated Johne’s disease coordinator (DJC) Designated Johne’s disease coordinator (DJC) Functional State Johne’s working group/advisory committee Functional State Johne’s working group/advisory committee Quarterly Reporting – VS Memo 553.6 Quarterly Reporting – VS Memo 553.6

13. 12Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH VJDCPP National Working Group, Regional Johne’s Epi oversight National Working Group, Regional Johne’s Epi oversight Cooperative Agreement Cooperative Agreement State Working Group State Working Group Designated Johne’s Coordinator - “DJC” Designated Johne’s Coordinator - “DJC” Johne’s Certified Veterinarians - JCVs Johne’s Certified Veterinarians - JCVs Johne’s Certified Implementers - JCIs Johne’s Certified Implementers - JCIs VDACS Laboratory VDACS Laboratory

14. 13Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Administrative Oversight Review of a State’s VBJDCP Activities and Progress Review of a State’s VBJDCP Activities and Progress The Chief Staff Veterinarian, National Center of Animal Health Programs, VS, The Chief Staff Veterinarian, National Center of Animal Health Programs, VS, Regional Directors, regional epidemiologist, and staff personnel of VS will visit various States Regional Directors, regional epidemiologist, and staff personnel of VS will visit various States Special evaluation teams comprised of several individuals representing State, Federal, and/or industry and academic interests will make visits to designated States in order to make limited or comprehensive reviews of the State’s VBJDCP. Special evaluation teams comprised of several individuals representing State, Federal, and/or industry and academic interests will make visits to designated States in order to make limited or comprehensive reviews of the State’s VBJDCP.

15. 14Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH DJC Interprets laboratory test results and classifies animals/herds tested with antigen detection (official) and screening (ELISA) tests. Provides training for personnel performing program work. Monitors the involvement of the Johne’s certified veterinarians. Reviews the risk assessments and herd management plans submitted by herd owners and Johne’s certified veterinarians. Periodically audits the program to determine if it is adequately controlling JD in the State. Assists animal health officials, herd owners, and the herd owner’s Johne’s certified veterinarian with developing herd management plans as requested or needed. Participates in State Johne’s Disease Group. Provides required reports to the VS Regional Johne’s disease epidemiologist and the Johne’s staff of VS, National Center of Animal Health Programs, on the progress of the program.

16. 15Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne’s Certified Implementers In Virginia’s JD Program, JCIs provide an objective third party during risk assessments, help develop herd plans, AND are key educators on Johne’s Disease and the Program.

17. 16Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Johne’s Certified Veterinarians Johne’s certified veterinarians must be accredited, Johne’s certified veterinarians must be accredited, Receive additional education on Johne’s disease, and Receive additional education on Johne’s disease, and have the knowledge needed to have the knowledge needed to a. Develop approved herd-management plans. b. Provide appropriate JD risk assessments.

18. 17Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH JCVs… Understand JD epidemiology, testing, and test interpretation. d. Understand State and Federal program requirements. e. Collect and submit fecal, tissue, and blood samples for JD testing.

19. 18Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Uniform Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program - Overview Test Negative Component Management - requires risk assessment and herd management plan Test Positive Component Optional Assessment Levels Test 30 animals that are ≥30 months of age Herd Classification-requires risk assessment, herd management plan and testing Education

20. 19Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Getting Started Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Program offers different levels of participation Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Program offers different levels of participation Education is the first step Education is the first step How to enroll? Risk Assessment and Herd Plan How to enroll? Risk Assessment and Herd Plan Enrollment incentives Enrollment incentives Lower Test Fees (ELISA, Fecal) for participants Lower Test Fees (ELISA, Fecal) for participants Reimbursement to producer for JCV time to do Risk Assessment/Herd Plan – up to $265.00!! Reimbursement to producer for JCV time to do Risk Assessment/Herd Plan – up to $265.00!!

21. 20Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Management Level There is no test requirement at this level – the emphasis is on management! There is no test requirement at this level – the emphasis is on management! A herd can renew every 12 (+/- 2) months from anniversary of first enrollment. A herd can renew every 12 (+/- 2) months from anniversary of first enrollment. For initial year at Management Level, producer may enroll the herd anonymously (JCV keeps record of identity!) For initial year at Management Level, producer may enroll the herd anonymously (JCV keeps record of identity!) After the first year, the herd must reveal its identity to continue in the program. After the first year, the herd must reveal its identity to continue in the program.

22. 21Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Management Level Opportunity to put management practices in place Opportunity to put management practices in place Does not necessarily mean “dirty herd”!!! Does not necessarily mean “dirty herd”!!! In NY State where JD program is well established, and many low prevalence herds, majority of herds (some very low prevalence) are at Management Level. In NY State where JD program is well established, and many low prevalence herds, majority of herds (some very low prevalence) are at Management Level.

23. 22Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Risk Assessment and Herd Plan Three titles – How To, Dairy, and Beef Three titles – How To, Dairy, and Beef 3rd edition – authors of the 3 editions include top JD experts like Drs. Christine Rossiter, and Don Hansen, Mike Collins, Bob Whitlock and many others 3rd edition – authors of the 3 editions include top JD experts like Drs. Christine Rossiter, and Don Hansen, Mike Collins, Bob Whitlock and many others Validated risk assessment instrument and weighted risk factors Validated risk assessment instrument and weighted risk factors

24. 23Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Essential Minimum Practices - Dairy Colostrum - use single identified test-negative or healthy low-risk cow; no pooling Milk - use milk replacer or pasteurized milk Age segregation – decreases exposure to MAP Clinical Suspects – Separate and Record

25. 24Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Minimum management practices— dairy herds Prevent infection !! Maternity area - clean and dry, low density as possible, keep separate from sick pen Newborn calves - immediately separate from dam, other adults

26. 25Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Minimum management practices— beef herds Calving areas –clean and dry as possible Density of cow and calf pairs –low as possible Feeding –reduce manure contamination of feed and feeding areas as much as possible Colostrum - from the calf’s dam or from another single source from a test-negative or healthy low- risk animal Age segregation - raise weaned replacements separate from older animals

27. 26Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Minimum biosecurity measures To reduce exposure of susceptible animals to manure or milk from cattle of unknown JD Status Prevent exposure to other susceptible species (e.g., sheep, goats, farmed deer, camelids, nonprogram cattle). The herd management plan – includes biosecurity measures

28. 27Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Test Levels (From Dr. Hovingh’s Power Point, PSU credits)

29. 28Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Test Negative Status Levels The test-negative status option: extensive and repeated diagnostic testing requirements The test-negative status option: extensive and repeated diagnostic testing requirements Allows herds to progress through a series of 4 levels - each representing a greater probability that Johne’s Disease is not present in the herd. Allows herds to progress through a series of 4 levels - each representing a greater probability that Johne’s Disease is not present in the herd. Official Status – known probability of JD infection… Official Status – known probability of JD infection…

30. 29Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Test Negative Status – Standard Track- General Concept 2 3 4 1 ? TEST ELISA 30 ≥ 30 months of age ELISA Subset Culture Subset ELISA Subset Higher Status Level means more likely free of Johne's disease Herd Status Level 85%95%98%99%

31. 30Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Test Negative Agreement Form – culls, additions within the past 12 months. Agreement Form – culls, additions within the past 12 months. Official ID on each animal Official ID on each animal Random Sampling… Random Sampling… Renewal – new RA/HP, testing, agreement… Renewal – new RA/HP, testing, agreement…

32. 31Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Test Negative - Fast Track Option General Concept 2 3 4 ? Statement of no disease for 5 years ELISA Subset Culture Subset ELISA Subset Higher Status Level means more likely free of Johne's disease Herd Status Level 95%98%99%

33. 32Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Fast Track “I am fully aware of the management and disease history of the herd during the past 5 years. “I am fully aware of the management and disease history of the herd during the past 5 years. Johne’s Disease is not known or suspected to have existed in the herd during the past 5 years, or on the property during the past 12 months. Johne’s Disease is not known or suspected to have existed in the herd during the past 5 years, or on the property during the past 12 months. No cattle have been introduced from known Johne’s-infected herds or unknown status herds during the past 5 years.” No cattle have been introduced from known Johne’s-infected herds or unknown status herds during the past 5 years.”

34. 33Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Herd Additions The program allows for herd additions provided they come from same or higher status level herds. Additions from unknown status herds may be added; however, they have to be added according to program rules. The program allows for herd additions provided they come from same or higher status level herds. Additions from unknown status herds may be added; however, they have to be added according to program rules. TNS-1 - if the additions are older than 2 years old from unknown status herds - have to have negative ELISA within 30 days prior to entering herd. TNS-1 - if the additions are older than 2 years old from unknown status herds - have to have negative ELISA within 30 days prior to entering herd.

35. 34Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Uniform Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program – Appeal Process ELISA + Fecal Culture + - Within 45 days Animal is considered negative Animal is considered positive Culture appeal- necropsy or full thickness biopsy or six fecal cultures 30 to 45 days apart Suspended pending appeal Within 30 days

36. 35Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Test Positive Option Official level of disease in the herd. Official level of disease in the herd. Currently no test-positive program option in Virginia’s Johne’s Program. Currently no test-positive program option in Virginia’s Johne’s Program. If producers express sufficient interest in this option this decision could be re-examined by the Virginia Johne’s Disease Working Group. If producers express sufficient interest in this option this decision could be re-examined by the Virginia Johne’s Disease Working Group.

37. 36Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Program Bottom Line We’re serious about Johne’s Disease We’re serious about Johne’s Disease Provide producers with incentives and tools to get rid of Johne’s disease in their herds Provide producers with incentives and tools to get rid of Johne’s disease in their herds Buy AND sell “clean” cows Buy AND sell “clean” cows We want dairy and beef producers in our state to thrive not just survive!!! We want dairy and beef producers in our state to thrive not just survive!!!

38. 37Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Questions?

39. 38Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Program Information Gillian Comyn – DJC, Area Epi – USDA APHIS VS in Richmond 804-771-2774/ gillian.a.comyn@aphis.usda.gov 804-771-2774/ gillian.a.comyn@aphis.usda.govgillian.a.comyn@aphis.usda.gov Dee Whittier – Extension Veterinarian, Professor of Food Animal Medicine – VMRCVM dwit@vt.edu dwit@vt.edu dwit@vt.edu JD link on VDACS website! http://www.vdacs.state.va.us/ http://www.vdacs.state.va.us/

40. 39Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Thank You