1. Million Book Project: Dreams and Realities Dr. Gloriana St. Clair University Librarian, Carnegie Mellon

2. Thesis Project has great potential to make good information available to more scholars. The future of libraries is digital.

3. Main Points Genesis: How the project began Dreams: Positive comments about the vision Realities: Collections and logistics

4. Genesis

6. Chinese Universities Participating Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Ministry of Education Fudan University Nanjing University Peking University Tsinghua University Zheijiang University

7. Project Personnel

8. People at Carnegie Mellon Directors of the Universal Library Project will serve as the main consultants: Dr. Raj Reddy Dr. Michael Shamos

9. People at Carnegie Mellon Directors of the Universal Library Project will serve as the main consultants: Dr. Jaime Carbonell Dr. Robert Thibadeau

10. People at Carnegie Mellon Directors of the Universal Library Project will serve as the main consultants: Dr. Gloriana St. Clair

11. People at Carnegie Mellon Additional library personnel include: Ms. Erika Linke Ms. Denise Troll Ms. Gabrielle Michalek

12. People Elsewhere Michael Lesk, National Science Foundation Brewster Kahle and Niall O’Driscoll, Internet Archive

13. Research Initiatives Machine translation Massive distributed database Storage formats Use of digital libraries Distribution and sustainability Security

14. Distribution and Sustainability Library of Congress, Digital Preservation OCLC RLG STOR family University presses Commercial vendors

15. Dreams

16. “Libraries have played a vital role in the advance of human society. They have supplemented the formal education system by making human knowledge available to anyone who can read and has access to them. Human advance, including especially science and engineering, has depended on young people having access to books via libraries.”

18. “Libraries are very unevenly distributed across the world and within countries. Even in the US there are enormous differences. Now technology makes possible a universal world library in which every person has access to anything written.”

21. “The idea is compelling, the enhancements to education and learning can be intuited -- and few, if anyone, would object to the conceptual framework.”

22. “In the end, this will be Vannevar Bush’s Memex.” - Michael Lesk, Internet Archive Bush, “As We May Think,” Atlantic Monthly (July 1945). http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm

23. “This project alone can change how education is conducted in much of the world. Further, if this project is carried further, it can change how publishing and reading is done in the more general public.”

24. Realities

25. Copyright is the biggest reality of the project.

26. Copyright U. S. copyright is now 95 years. Many books are out of print but restricted by copyright for ~93 years. Copyright can be cleared by asking permission to scan.

27. A Collection of Collections Books will represent a variety of languages including material originating in China and India, our partners. Partners will select and include collections of cultural importance.

29. A Collection of Collections Copyright-cleared Books for College Libraries. Technical reports. University press publications. Government documents. Pre-1923 books, now in depositories.

30. U. S. Collection Partners Indiana University Pennsylvania State University Stanford University TriColleges (Swarthmore, Haverford, Bryn Mawr) University of California Berkeley University of Pittsburgh University of Washington

31. Best Books Feature Books for College Libraries 60,000 best books, published in 1988. $80,000 needed for a copyright clearance project.

32. Subject Collections Sending proposals to small foundations for money to support copyright clearance for resources in subjects such as history and environment. Discussed putting up a segment of materials to support literacy.

33. University Press Negotiations National Academy Press We will scan early materials and exchange for some 2,500 they are scanning. MIT Press Discussed scanning some of their backlog.

34. Government Documents U. S. government produces about 100,000 documents per year; mostly in the public domain. Have 30 boxes of Dept of Education materials. Negotiating with other agencies Some highly desired collections British Parliamentary Papers, thousands, 1950 back copyright o.k.

35. Logistics

36. Optimum Scanner Throughput One Minolta scanner running two shifts daily = 16 books per day. 250 work days per year = 4000 books per year.

37. Optimum Scanner Throughput With currently supplied (18) scanners = 72,000 books per year. With additional (82) scanners from this grant = 400,000 books/year. Allowing a generous 50% deterioration in throughput, 100 scanners can complete the project in five years.

38. Transportation 1,000,000… Imagine sending every book at Carnegie Mellon to the other side of the world. By sea? (slow) — or by air? (expensive) Return? (a perpetual argument with computer science) Many points here and there.

39. Conclusions The collection must be composed of many sub-collections. Copyright is a serious barrier to an effective effort. Librarians will be brought into the picture to ensure solid selection criteria.

40. Thank You