1. Orthogonal H-type and C-type grid generation for 2-d twin deck bridge Xiaobing Liu, Chaoqun Liu, Zhengqing Chen Mathematic Department, University of Texas at Arlington ， USA Wind engineering research center ， Hunan University, China 7TH AIMS CONFERENCE

2. Main Content  Background  Introduction to grid generation method  Result  Conclusion

3. Background In recent years, as traffic amount increasing, decks of bridges are becoming wider and wider. A new kind of bridge, twin deck bridges were built all over the world because of good visual effect and traffic condition. Fred Hartman bridge (Texas, USA) Tacoma bridge (Washington, USA)

4. Qing dao Bay Bridge, Shan dong Province, China Ping sheng Bridge, Guang dong Province, China Since two decks of twin deck bridge are very closed to each other, in strong wind, the flow around decks will make wind load, vortex shedding and flutter stability of decks different from those of common single deck. We call this aerodynamic interference effect of twin deck bridge.

5. The aerodynamic interference effect of twin deck bridge is influenced by many factors, such as geometric shape of deck cross section 、 distance of two decks 、 wind attack angle and so on. It is more feasible to choose numerical simulation It will cost lots of money and energy to do wind tunnel test

6. Basic idea of numerical simulation ： Discretisise the governing equations of fluid ( partial differential equations) into basic linear equations on numerical grid. Solve the linear equations to get general variables of fluid, such as velocity, pressure and etc around bridge decks. Numerical grid is the basis of numerical computing. The quality of numerical grid, such as smoothness and orthogonality plays a crucial role in affecting numerical computing result. In the following sections, orthogonal H type and C type grids were generated for 2-d Qing dao Bay bridge and 2-d simplified twin deck bridge model using numerical method.

7. Introduction to grid generation method The basic idea of grid generation method we used was mentioned firstly by S.P.Spekreijse in his paper “ Elliptic Grid Generation Based on Laplace Equations and Algebraic Transformation”. Here we will give a introduction to this method through following simple geometry.

8. algebraic transformation elliptic transformation computational domain parameter domain physical domain

9. The grid generation mainly consists of following three steps. The first step aims to generate a simple but not smooth algebraic grid in physical domain based on transfinite interpolation. According to the grids on the boundary of the physical domain and grids in the computational domain, grid distribution in the interior of physical domain can be obtained based on following equations.

10. physical domain

11. The second step is to make the algebraic grid in physical domain to be smooth and stretched. elliptic transformation from parameter domain to physical domain where,,, algebraic transformation from computational domain to parameter domain where and are normalized arc-lengths along four boundary edges.

12. Compositing these two transformations, we get where,, By solving above equations using finite difference method, we can get smooth and stretched grid in physical domain.

13. parameter domain physical domain

14. The third step is to make grid in physical domain to be orthogonal on boundaries. In order to get orthogonal grid on boundary E3, we can first solve two Laplace equations and with following boundary condition to get new s and t. Where n is the outward normal direction at boundary E3 and E4 Where n is the outward normal direction at boundary E1 and E2

15. After that, we re-compute and based on boundary function of above s and t using following Hermite interpolation. where At last we go back to the second step to get new x and y.

16. parameter domain physical domain

17. result complete griddetail of grid on deck surface H-type grid for Qing Dao Bay bridge

18. complete grid detail of grid on deck surface C-type grid for Qing Dao Bay bridge

19. H-type grid for twin deck bridge model complete grid detail of grid on deck surface

20. C-type grid for twin deck bridge model complete grid detail of grid on deck surface

21. Conclusion There exists aerodynamic interference effect between two decks of twin deck bridge. Both C-type and H-type grids have been generated for a 2-d twin deck bridge and 2-d simplified twin deck bridge model using numerical method. The grids are smooth and orthogonal on deck surface and computational boundary. This provides an effective guarantee for studying on aerodynamic interference effect of twin deck bridge using numerical method.

22. Thank you !