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Unit 3 – Biochemistry Notes - Proteins
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Proteins are made up of: –Nitrogen –Carbon –Hydrogen –Oxygen Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids
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Polymer –A large compound formed from many monomers Monomer –A single molecule that can combine with others To remember what a monomer and polymer is, think of carbohydrates: –Monosaccharide = 1 sugar molecule –Monomer = 1 molecule –Polysaccharide = 3 or more monosaccharides –Polymer = 3 or more monomers
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Amino Acids –Compounds with an amino group (- NH 2 ) at one end and a carboxyl (acid) group (- COOH) at the other end
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Amino Acids (cont.) –Total of 20 different amino acids that are different by the R-group (side chain) Otherwise they are identical (follow the same pattern) –How amino acids are arranged into many different proteins is stored in DNA
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Proteins 5 Main Jobs 1.Control the Rate of Reactions 2.Regulate Cell Processes 3.Form Bones and Muscles 4.Transport Substances into or out of Cells 5.Help to Fight Disease
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Types of Proteins 1.Enzymes 2.Hormones 3.Structural 4.Transporters 5.Disease Fighters
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