1. Troop 8 Land Navigation

2. 2 Course Sequence Five Troop Meetings Five Troop Meetings –Part 0: Assembling Your Workbooks and Overview (Jul 12 th ) –Part 1: Topographic Maps (Jul 19 th ) –Part 2: Lat/Lon and UTM Coordinates (Jul 26 th ) –Part 3: Determining Direction (Aug 2 nd ) –Part 4: GPS (Aug 9 th ) Annual Land Navigation Challenge (Aug 16 th and Aug 30 th ) Annual Land Navigation Challenge (Aug 16 th and Aug 30 th ) Land Navigation Campout (Aug 21 st – 23 rd ) Land Navigation Campout (Aug 21 st – 23 rd )

3. 3 T/F – 1C Requirements 2 nd Class – Requirement 1a (Jul 19 th ) 2 nd Class – Requirement 1a (Jul 19 th ) Explain what map symbols mean. 2 nd Class – Requirement 1a (Aug 2 nd ) 2 nd Class – Requirement 1a (Aug 2 nd ) Demonstrate how a compass works and how to orient a map. 1 st Class – Requirement 1 – Daytime (Aug 2 nd ) 1 st Class – Requirement 1 – Daytime (Aug 2 nd ) Demonstrate how to find directions during the day without using a compass. 1st Class – Requirement 2 (Campout Aug 21 st – 23 rd ) 1st Class – Requirement 2 (Campout Aug 21 st – 23 rd ) Using a compass, complete an orienteering course that covers at least one mile and requires measuring the height and/or width of designated items (tree, tower, canyon, ditch, etc.)

4. 4 T/F – 1C Requirements 1st Class – Requirement 1 – Nighttime (Campout Aug 21 st – 23 rd ) Demonstrate how to find directions at night without using a compass

5. Troop 8 Land Navigation Part 0 of 4

6. 6 Assembling Your Books Assembling Packet Assembling Packet Staple Grid Card to Cover Staple Grid Card to Cover Put Your Name on Your Workbook Put Your Name on Your Workbook At the End of Each Session, Leave Your Workbooks at the Troop. Your will be Given Them After Part 4. At the End of Each Session, Leave Your Workbooks at the Troop. Your will be Given Them After Part 4. For all of the whiners and complainers: YOU were provided the opportunity to test out of this skill with a passing score of 80%. That is a “C” in school. YOU have failed to meet the mark.

7. 7 Why Do We Do Land Navigation? Obviously, to torture Scouts. Obviously, to torture Scouts. Seriously: Seriously: –It is a fundamental skill of Scouting. –In order to be a leader, you must take control. Often taking control involves knowing where you are and where you need to be. –A leader must be a master of technical skills including map reading and land navigation.

8. 8 Why Problems Do Scoutmasters Continually See? Scouts lack of understanding on: Scouts lack of understanding on: –Universal Transverse Mercator Lat/Long is a terrible way to mathematically calculate the distance between two points Lat/Long is a terrible way to mathematically calculate the distance between two points –Scale All maps have a scale. Since Scouts today do not build models (like 1/16 th scale), they do not understand. A scale of 1:50,000 means that “1 of anything (inches, feet,.etc on the map” represents “50,000 of anything on the actual ground”. All maps have a scale. Since Scouts today do not build models (like 1/16 th scale), they do not understand. A scale of 1:50,000 means that “1 of anything (inches, feet,.etc on the map” represents “50,000 of anything on the actual ground”. –Magnetic Declination In most parts of the world, you cannot just set the azimuth that you obtained from you map on the compass. You will be wayyyyyyyyy off. In most parts of the world, you cannot just set the azimuth that you obtained from you map on the compass. You will be wayyyyyyyyy off.

9. 9 Topographic Map Sheets Topographic Maps (B&W Sheets) are a Copy of a Real Topographic Map of Huntsville Topographic Maps (B&W Sheets) are a Copy of a Real Topographic Map of Huntsville A Color Sheet is $5 Each – We do not have the Budget to Give Each Scout a Full Color Map Sheet A Color Sheet is $5 Each – We do not have the Budget to Give Each Scout a Full Color Map Sheet Therefore, We Make B/W Copies of the Color Sheet. Therefore, We Make B/W Copies of the Color Sheet. Full Map Sheet is Copied into 4 – 11 x 17 B/W Copies. Full Map Sheet is Copied into 4 – 11 x 17 B/W Copies. Full Topographic Map Sheet Sheet 3Sheet 4 Sheet 2Sheet 1 Color Black and White

10. 10 Troop 8 Land Navigation Part 1 of 4 (Topographic Maps)

11. 11 What are Maps? Instruments to: Instruments to: –Determine where you are. –Determine where you are going. –Determine the best route from A to B. Fastest Fastest Scenic Scenic Make an Itinerary Make an Itinerary –Pictorial Representation Climate Climate Political Political Resources Resources Population Population –Many Other Uses

12. 12 Examples of Maps? Climate Climate Economic or Resource Economic or Resource Physical Physical Political Political Road Road Topographic Topographic Where are you on this map?

13. 13 Our Focus in Scouting is Topographic Maps Usually Produced by the United States Geological Survey Usually Produced by the United States Geological Survey Come in Several Standard Scales. Come in Several Standard Scales. What is a Scale? What is a Scale? Standard Scales are: Standard Scales are: –1:24,000 –1:25,000 –1:50,000 –1:100,000 –1:250,000 1:24,000 is a Compromise Between not Requiring Lots of Maps and Still Showing Enough Detail to be Useful. We will use 1:24,000 Scale Maps. 1:25,000 are Common in Metric Countries (1cm =.25km). The Military Normally Uses 1:50,000 Maps. Aircraft use 1:100,000 or larger. A 1:24,000 Scale Means 1 Length of Something on the Map Represents 24,000 Somethings on the Ground. For Example, 1 inch on the map represents 24,000 inches on the Ground

14. 14 Our Focus in Scouting is Topographic Maps Characterized by Ground Detail and Representation of Relief (Height) Usually Using Contour Lines Characterized by Ground Detail and Representation of Relief (Height) Usually Using Contour Lines Usually Provide a Visualization of Roads, Buildings, Manmade Structures, Water, and Vegetation Usually Provide a Visualization of Roads, Buildings, Manmade Structures, Water, and Vegetation Colors Colors –Brown – Contour lines –Blue – Water –Green – Vegetation –Black – Man-made Objects –Red – Built-Up Areas Let’s discover some things about our map sheets. Let’s discover some things about our map sheets.

15. Latitude and Longitude of Corner Ignore Circles with Numbers Next to Them – They are Part of the Map Exercise Sheet 1 Which One is the Longitude? 86 o 37’ 30’’

16. Sheet 2 Map Name: Huntsville Quadrangle 7.5 Minutes in the Width of the Map – Look at the Longitude in the UL Corner of Sheet #1 and the UR Corner on Sheet #2 – the Difference is 7.5 Minutes. 7.5 Minutes will Roughly Give a 1:24,000 Scale Map in the US. Name of Next Mapsheet Maysville HuntsvilleMoontownMadison FarleyNew HopeTriana Meridian ville MaysvilleJeff Map Sheets Surrounding Huntsville

17. Grid Declination (Will Discuss in Part 3) Scale (You can Measure a Distance on the Map and Bring That to The Scale to Determine Distance in Feet, Miles, Meters) Sheet 3 Datum – Very Important for GPS (Discussed in Part 4)

18. Legend (Expanded Legend Sheet is in Your Workbook) Contour Interval (Every Brown Line Represents a Change of 20 Feet in Elevation) Sheet 4 Look at the Contour Intervals Here – there are thinner and thicker lines – the thick lines are every 100 feet. What is the Elevation of the Water Tower? Answer: 1,000 feet

19. 19 Legend (Map Symbols) Complete Legend List is Located in Your Workbook. Here are Some Samples. Complete Legend List is Located in Your Workbook. Here are Some Samples.

20. 20 Map Exercises Practical Exercise Practical Exercise Go Through Questions 1-34 Go Through Questions 1-34 Troop Guides and/or Scoutmasters are available to help you. Troop Guides and/or Scoutmasters are available to help you.

21. 21 Map Exercises (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? Vegetation. Man Made Structures. Water. Contour Intervals.

22. 22 Question #5

23. 23 Map Exercises (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? Vegetation. Man Made Structures. Water. Contour Intervals. Church.

24. 24 Question #6

25. 25 Map Exercises (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? Vegetation. Man Made Structures. Water. Contour Intervals. Church. Secondary Highway, Hard Surface.

26. 26 Question #7

27. 27 Map Exercises (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? Vegetation. Man Made Structures. Water. Contour Intervals. Church. Secondary Highway, Hard Surface. Electric Power Lines.

28. 28 Questions #8 and #9 Latitude Horizontal Line Bottom Edge Longitude Vertical Line Left Edge Longitude Vertical Line Left Edge Latitude Horizontal Line Bottom Edge

29. 29 Map Exercises (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (1) What does the green color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (2) What does the black color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (3) What does the blue color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (4) What does the brown color represent on a mapsheet? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (5) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #1 (Sheet 4) represent? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (6) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #2 (Sheet 4)? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (7) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #3 (Sheet 3) represent? (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (8) What is the longitude of the left edge of the map (Sheet 3) (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? (9) What is the latitude of the bottom edge of the map (Sheet 3)? Vegetation. Man Made Structures. Water. Contour Intervals. Church. Secondary Highway, Hard Surface. Electric Power Lines. 86 o 37’ 30’’ West Longitude 34 o 37’ 30’’ North Latutude

30. 30 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 519 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 519 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area.

31. 31 Question #7

32. 32 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 619 feet.

33. 33 Question #12

34. 34 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 619 feet. Railroad track.

35. 35 Question #13

36. 36 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 519 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 519 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 514 feet. Railroad track. Marsh.

37. 37 Question #14

38. 38 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 619 feet. Railroad track. Marsh. Quarry.

39. 39 Question #15

40. 40 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 619 feet. Railroad track. Marsh. Quarry. 1,000 feet.

41. 41 Question #16

42. 42 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 619 feet. Railroad track. Marsh. Quarry. 1,000 feet. Light Duty Road, Hard or Improved Surface.

43. 43 Question #17

44. 44 Map Exercises (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (10) What does the red color represent on a mapsheet? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (11) What does the map symbol in circle #8 (Sheet 1) represent. What do the numbers 314 and 619 represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (12) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #9 (Sheet 1) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (13) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #10 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (14) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #11 (Sheet 3) represent? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (15) What is the height of the hilltop enclosed by circle #12 (Sheet 4)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (16) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #13 (Sheet 2)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? (17) What kind of road is enclosed in circle #14 (Sheet 3)? Built Up Area. This is a Survey Control Point (SCP). It is SCP 314 which has an elevation of 619 feet. Railroad track. Marsh. Quarry. 1,000 feet. Light Duty Road, Hard or Improved Surface. Primary Road, Hard Surface.

45. 45 Map Exercises (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work.

46. 46 Question #18

47. 47 Map Exercises (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. Depression.

48. 48 Question #19

49. 49 Map Exercises (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. Depression. Draw.

50. 50 Question #20

51. 51 Map Exercises (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. Depression. Draw. Ridge.

52. 52 Question #21

53. 53 Map Exercises (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. Depression. Draw. Ridge. 1,520 feet.

54. 54 Question #22 Use the edge of a piece of paper or a ruler to mark the distance between the two points. Use the edge of a piece of paper or a ruler to mark the distance between the two points.

55. 55 Question #22

56. 56 Question #22 Piece of Paper Use one corner of the paper as your start point. Mark it with a line Mark end point with a line.

57. 57 Question #22 Use the scale at the bottom of your map exercise – page 3. Use the scale at the bottom of your map exercise – page 3. Notice that the scale has miles, feet, and meters. The left side of the scale for each has smaller graduations. Notice that the scale has miles, feet, and meters. The left side of the scale for each has smaller graduations.

58. 58 Question #22 Slide you paper to the right – let’s use miles Slide you paper to the right – let’s use miles Mark off first mile. Mark off first mile. Mile 1

59. 59 Question #22 Continue for remaining miles by moving the paper to the right (none here). Then note parts of a mile. Continue for remaining miles by moving the paper to the right (none here). Then note parts of a mile. Mile 1 ~ 0.35 miles

60. 60 Question #22 Total Distance: 1 + 0.35 = 1.35 miles. Total Distance: 1 + 0.35 = 1.35 miles. This is not the answer for Question #22. This is not the answer for Question #22. Mile 1 ~ 0.35 miles

61. 61 Question #22 Do your work for Question #22 now. Do your work for Question #22 now.

62. 62 Map Exercises (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (18) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #15 (Sheet 4) represent? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (19) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #16 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (20) Is the terrain enclosed by circle #17 (Sheet 4) a draw or a ridge? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (21) Determine the height of Sand Point in circle #19 (Sheet 2)? (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (22) What is the straight line distance between the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2)? Your answer may be miles (decimal), meters, or feet. (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (23) How many of your paces make 100 feet on the ground? (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. (24) How many of your paces would be required to make the distance calculated in question #22. Show your work. Depression. Draw. Ridge. 1,520 feet. 2.15 miles or 11,100 feet or 3.45 kilometers or 3450 meters. Depends on you. As a Scout, you should always know your pace for 100 feet although Mr. Long would prefer 100 meters. Answer in 22 divided by your pace count. Make sure that your numerator and denominator have he same units – i.e. feet, meters,.etc.

63. 63 Map Exercises (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground?

64. 64 Question #25 Distance between each brown line is 20 feet. Distance between each brown line is 20 feet. Every broad line is 100 feet. Every broad line is 100 feet. Broad brown lines often contain the height labeled on the line Broad brown lines often contain the height labeled on the line

65. 65 Map Exercises (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? 20 feet.

66. 66 Question #26 Use your scale to determine the length of one red line.

67. 67 Map Exercises (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? One Square Mile. 20 feet.

68. 68 Question #27

69. 69 Map Exercises (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? One Square Mile. North American Datum (NAD) 27 or NAD 83. Datum are important to enter in GPS units. Otherwise, your GPS and the map may not agree. 20 feet.

70. 70 Question #28

71. 71 Map Exercises (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? One Square Mile. North American Datum (NAD) 27 or NAD 83. Datum are important to enter in GPS units. Otherwise, your GPS and the map may not agree. 1:24,000 20 feet.

72. 72 Map Exercises (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (25) What is the spacing between each contour elevation on the Huntsville quadrangle? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (26) On Sheet 2, find circle #22. Inside this circle is the number 16. This represents a section number. You can see other number (17 to the left and 15 to the right). On flat terrain, roads generally follow the squares around the section numbers. When this land was originally settled, families were given ¼ of a section for farming. How many square miles are in one section? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (27) When you use a GPS, you must program the datum in the GPS to compare elevations between the mapsheet and the GPS? What datum was used for the preparation of this mapsheet for the 1,000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) tick marks.? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (28) What is the scale on this mapsheet? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? (29) One foot on this map correspond to how many feet on the actual ground? One Square Mile. North American Datum (NAD) 27 or NAD 83. Datum are important to enter in GPS units. Otherwise, your GPS and the map may not agree. 1:24,000 20 feet. 24,000 feet

73. 73 Map Exercises (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent?

74. 74 Question #30

75. 75 Map Exercises (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? Meridianville.

76. 76 Question #31

77. 77 Map Exercises (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? Meridianville. Foot Bridge.

78. 78 Question #32

79. 79 Map Exercises (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? Telephone Line. Meridianville. Foot Bridge.

80. 80 Question #33

81. 81 Map Exercises (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? Cut. Telephone Line. Meridianville. Foot Bridge.

82. 82 Question #34

83. 83 Map Exercises (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (30) What is the name of the mapsheet to the north of the Huntsville quadrangle? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (31) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #24 (Sheet 4) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (32) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #25 (Sheet 3) represent? (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (33) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #26 (Sheet 1) represent? It is not the railroad. It is the symbol around the railroad. (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? (34) What does the map symbol enclosed in circle #18 (Sheet 2) represent? Cut. School. Telephone Line. Meridianville. Foot Bridge.

84. 84 Troop 8 Land Navigation Part 2 of 4 (Lat/Lon and UTM)

85. 85 We do not have a consistent way of measuring angles in the world. For maps, we use the method shown in the following figure. Trigonometry and Geometry use another method. North South EastWest 0 o or 360 o 90 o 180 o 270 o Direction, Azimuth, Bearing (All Mean Same Thing)

86. 86 Systems for Determining Location What Methods Do We Use to Determine Where We Are on the Earth? What Methods Do We Use to Determine Where We Are on the Earth? –Latitude and Longitude –Universal Transverse Mercator

87. 87 Latitude and Longitude Uses a Method of Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds Uses a Method of Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds –360 Degrees in a Circle but We Use 180 Degrees Going Each Way from the Prime Meridian –60 Minutes (’) = 1 Degree ( o ) –60 Seconds (”) = 1 Minute (’) You are Currently Located (Messiah Lutheran Church) at: You are Currently Located (Messiah Lutheran Church) at: 34 o 45’ 18.47” N Latitude 86 o 44’ 21.57” W Longitude

88. 88 Answer: It varies depending upon the line of latitude. At the equator, the circumference of the Earth is ~25,000 miles. 25,000 divided by 360 o is approximately 70 miles. At 50 o N, one degree is about 45 miles. It is 70 * cos (Latitude). Question: How many miles equals one degree along a line of latitude? Lat / Lon Lines of Latitude. Start at the Equator and go from 0 – 90 o North Latitude and 0 – 90 o South Latitude. Lines of Longitude. Start at the Prime Meridian in Great Britain and go from 0 – 180 o West Longitude and 0 – 180 o East Longitude.

89. 89 Answer: It is always about 70 miles. Question: How many miles equals one degree along a line of longitude? Lat / Lon

90. 90 Latitude and Longitude Question How far is it (miles, feet, or meters) between: How far is it (miles, feet, or meters) between: –34 o 10’ 00” N Latitude 86 o 00’ 00” W Longitude and –35 o 00’ 00” N Latitude 87 o 00’ 00” W Longitude and Answer: This is a difficult question without some math and trigonometry. It is also difficult to add and subtract items that change at 60. Answer: This is a difficult question without some math and trigonometry. It is also difficult to add and subtract items that change at 60. This is we have Universal Transverse Mercator or UTM coordinate system. This is we have Universal Transverse Mercator or UTM coordinate system.

91. 91 UTM Fundamentals of UTM are Often Difficult for Scouts to Understand. Fundamentals of UTM are Often Difficult for Scouts to Understand. If You are Interested in the Fundamentals, see a SM. Let’s Work on How to Use UTM. If You are Interested in the Fundamentals, see a SM. Let’s Work on How to Use UTM. Let’s look at Sheet 4. Let’s look at Sheet 4.

92. 92 Sheet 4 Note the numbers along the bottom of the map sheet – they all look like 5 XX where XX is a number The second number is covered up by another marking so there is no 5 42 These Numbers are Called UTM Eastings. The Key Number in UTM is the Big Number: 41 or 43 – not the 5 – The Big Numbers are Called Principle Numbers The Distance Between Each Hash Mark Associated with a Big Number is 1,000 Meters. 1,000 Meters Let’s Draw Two Lines Straight Up from the 5 41 and 5 42 UTM Easting Markings

93. 93 Sheet 4 Similarly, there are numbers along the right edge of the map sheet – they all look like 33 XX where XX is a number These Numbers are Called UTM Northings. The Key Number in UTM is the Big Number. The Distance Between Each Hash Mark Associated with a Big Number is 1,000 Meters. 1,000 Meters Let’s Draw Two Lines Straight Left from the 38 33 and 38 34 UTM Northing Markings 1,000 Meters

94. 94 Sheet 4 UTM Grids Always Consist of an Easting and Northing. To the nearest 1,000 Meters, the Location of this Point is: 41 33 As You Add more Fidelity (i.e. to the Nearest 100 Meters, Nearest 10 Meters, or Nearest Meter), You Add more Numbers after Each Principle Number EastingNorthing This is Called a 1,000 Meter Grid Square. Measure- ments are always made from the LL Corner of the Grid Square

95. 95 This Location to the Nearest 100 Meters: 418 336 Sheet 4 This Location to the Nearest 100 Meters: 412 330 This Location to the Nearest 100 Meters: 412 332 EastingNorthingEastingNorthingEastingNorthing

96. 96 (1) Place Grid Card Along Lower Edge of Grid Square Lined Up With the East-West UTM Line From the Principal Number Associated with the LL Corner. (3) Read Lower Numbers and Append to 41; Read Right Edge Numbers and Append to 33. (2) Slide Card to Right Until Right Edge Hits The Point Sheet 4 How Can I Use My Grid Card to Determine the UTM Coordinates of This Point? To the Nearest 10 Meters: 4165 3366 Grid Card 65 66

97. 97 Always an equal number of digits in easting and northing from the principle number. Accuracy determined by the number of digits after the digits. You determine the needed accuracy. For example: UTM coordinate of 41 35 (2 digits for easting and 2 digits for northing) specifies your location to the nearest 1,000 meters. UTM coordinate of 410 350 (3 digits for easting and 3 digits for northing) specifies your location to the nearest 100 meters. UTM coordinate of 4105 3505 (4 digits for easting and 4 digits for northing) specifies your location to the nearest 10 meters. UTM coordinate of 41051 35052 (5 digits for easting and 5 digits for northing) specifies your location to the nearest 1 meter. UTM Grid Coordinates Summary

98. 98 What can I use UTM for? Use UTM coordinates to identify your location to another person Plot your location using the UTM coordinates displayed by a GPS Mathematically determine the distance between two points. 41050 35030 43360 37080 How Far Is It Between the Two Points? 43360 35030 2310 meters 2050 meters meters 41050 43360 2310 Easting 35030 37080 2050 Northing UTM Grid Coordinates

99. 99 Map Exercises Practical Exercise Practical Exercise Complete Question 35 Complete Question 35 Troop Guides and/or Scoutmasters are available to help you. Troop Guides and/or Scoutmasters are available to help you.

100. 100 Map Exercises (35) Using the grid around circle #4 (Sheet 4), determine the UTM grid coordinates of the flag on top of the school symbol? Determine your answer to the nearest 100 meters in easting and 100 meters in northing. (35) Using the grid around circle #4 (Sheet 4), determine the UTM grid coordinates of the flag on top of the school symbol? Determine your answer to the nearest 100 meters in easting and 100 meters in northing. 413 334

101. 101 Troop 8 Land Navigation Part 3 of 4 (Determining Direction)

102. 102 Part 3 Plan Practical Exercise Practical Exercise –Set Stakes Outside for Determining North –Determining Direction a Compass –How Do You Walk in That Direction –Orienting a Map on the Ground Go Back Inside for Class Work Go Back Inside for Class Work Returning to Stakes to Determine North Returning to Stakes to Determine North

103. 103 Orienting a Map What is It: Orienting a map means to align the map over the spot that you are occupying on the ground. What is It: Orienting a map means to align the map over the spot that you are occupying on the ground. Purpose: You can stand at any position on the map on the group. Look at the topographical features in the map. If a mao is oriented correctly, you should be able to look at the actual ground and see that topographical feature. Purpose: You can stand at any position on the map on the group. Look at the topographical features in the map. If a mao is oriented correctly, you should be able to look at the actual ground and see that topographical feature.

104. 104 How to Orient a Map Place map on the ground. Place map on the ground. Put compass on left edge of the map. Put compass on left edge of the map. Turn the map until the North on the compass matches up with the left edge of the map. Turn the map until the North on the compass matches up with the left edge of the map. Scout Scout Orients Map to North Map on Ground Scout Moves Over Map. Sees That If He Looks In The Indicated Direction, He Should See Hills.

105. 105 Magnetic Declination Magnetic North Map Sheet – Problem is that North and South Lines on Map Sheet do not Line Up With Magnetic North North and South Lines on Map Sheet Point This Way Compass Points This Way You Measure With Your Map But Travel With Your Compass – Must Have a Way to Convert From Grid Azimuth (Map) to Magnetic Azimuth (Compass) This is Called Magnetic Declination

106. 106 Magnetic Declination Difference Between Grid North and Magnetic North for Different Parts of the US

107. 107 Magnetic Declination What if I Ignore It? What if I Ignore It? For a 15 o Grid-Magnetic Declination, You Would be Off by 1,700 Feet After Travelling 6,000 Feet.

108. 108 MN GN 5o5o 7o7o Item called a Compass Rose that Usually Exists at the Bottom of Map Sheets. An Example is Shown Below: Compass Rose Used to Convert from Magnetic Azimuth (i.e. Your Compass) to Grid Azimuth (What You Read From a Map) Symbols MN = Magnetic North (Where My Compass Points) TN = True North (Direction to Top of the Earth (e.g.North Pole) GN = Vertical Lines on Your Map How Do You Convert From Grid to Magnetic. Way to Remember. If I Placed the Compass Rose so that the GN was Vertical (or 0 o Degrees), it would tell me that Magnetic North is to the left. That means that Grid 0 o is the same as Magnetic 12 o – so I need to add 12 o to convert from Grid Azimuth to Magnetic Azimuth. What do I need to do if I want to convert from Magnetic Azimuth to Grid Azimuth? What would you do if the same compass rose was used but the MN was to the right of the GN? MAGNETIC DECLINATION MNMN GNGN 5o5o 7o7o

109. 109 Resection I do not Know where I Am. I do not Know where I Am. I Have a Topographic Map and a Compass. I Have a Topographic Map and a Compass. Prefer Two Terrain Features That are Separated by Approximately 90 Degrees. Prefer Two Terrain Features That are Separated by Approximately 90 Degrees. Can I Figure Out Where I Am? Can I Figure Out Where I Am? Scout Scout Measures Direction to Church Steeple Scout Sees Church Scout See Radio Tower Scout Measures Direction to Radio Tower

110. 110 Resection Measurement to Church: 95 Degrees. Measurement to Church: 95 Degrees. Take the Back Azimuth: Add or Subtract 180 Degrees – Always Want a Number Greater Than Zero and Less Than 360. Take the Back Azimuth: Add or Subtract 180 Degrees – Always Want a Number Greater Than Zero and Less Than 360. Church Back Azimuth = 95 + 180 = 275 Degrees. Church Back Azimuth = 95 + 180 = 275 Degrees. Measurement to Radio Tower: 350 Degrees. Measurement to Radio Tower: 350 Degrees. Radio Back Azimuth = 350 – 180 = 170 Degrees. Radio Back Azimuth = 350 – 180 = 170 Degrees. Plot These Two Measurements from the Church and the Radio Tower. Plot These Two Measurements from the Church and the Radio Tower. The Intersection is Your Location The Intersection is Your Location

111. 111 Resection Radio Tower Church Draw a Line at 170 o From Radio Tower Draw a Line at 275 o From Church Intersection of Lines is Your Location

112. 112 Map Exercises Practical Exercise Practical Exercise Complete Questions 36-39 Complete Questions 36-39 Troop Guides and/or Scoutmasters are available to help you. Troop Guides and/or Scoutmasters are available to help you.

113. 113 Map Exercises (36) You want to find your location on Sheet 2. You have measured a magnetic azimuth of 242 degrees to the Burritt Museum in circle #20 (Sheet 2). You have also measured a magnetic azimuth of 335 degrees to the radio tower in circle #21 (Sheet 2). Where are you located? (36) You want to find your location on Sheet 2. You have measured a magnetic azimuth of 242 degrees to the Burritt Museum in circle #20 (Sheet 2). You have also measured a magnetic azimuth of 335 degrees to the radio tower in circle #21 (Sheet 2). Where are you located? (37) What magnetic direction would you travel if you went from the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2) (37) What magnetic direction would you travel if you went from the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2) (38) What is the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north? (38) What is the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north? (39) If you determined from the map sheet that you need to walk a grid azimuth of 145 degrees to your destination, what azimuth would you set on your compass in order to reach your destination? (39) If you determined from the map sheet that you need to walk a grid azimuth of 145 degrees to your destination, what azimuth would you set on your compass in order to reach your destination? (40) How many feet in a mile? (40) How many feet in a mile? See Next Slide

114. 114 Burritt Museum -Measured Azimuth: 242 o -Need to Calculate Back Azimuth -Subtract 180 o -242 – 180 = 62 -Draw a Line From Burritt at 62 o Radio Tower -Measured Azimuth: 335 o -Need to Calculate Back Azimuth -Subtract 180 o -335 – 180 = 155 -Draw a Line From Radio Tower at 155 o You are at the point where the two lines cross or the Lookout Tower in Monte Sano Park

115. 115 Map Exercises (36) You want to find your location on Sheet 2. You have measured a magnetic azimuth of 242 degrees to the Burritt Museum in circle #20 (Sheet 2). You have also measured a magnetic azimuth of 335 degrees to the radio tower in circle #21 (Sheet 2). Where are you located? (36) You want to find your location on Sheet 2. You have measured a magnetic azimuth of 242 degrees to the Burritt Museum in circle #20 (Sheet 2). You have also measured a magnetic azimuth of 335 degrees to the radio tower in circle #21 (Sheet 2). Where are you located? (37) What magnetic direction would you travel if you went from the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2) (37) What magnetic direction would you travel if you went from the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2) (38) What is the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north? (38) What is the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north? (39) If you determined from the map sheet that you need to walk a grid azimuth of 145 degrees to your destination, what azimuth would you set on your compass in order to reach your destination? (39) If you determined from the map sheet that you need to walk a grid azimuth of 145 degrees to your destination, what azimuth would you set on your compass in order to reach your destination? (40) How many feet in a mile? (40) How many feet in a mile? Lookout Tower Monte Sano Mountain See Next Slide.

116. 116 It is approximately 333 degrees grid. Change to magnetic. Add one degree. Answer: 334 degrees. Draw a line from Point #1 to Point #18 Place a Protractor over Point #18 Determine the Direction

117. 117 Map Exercises (35) You want to find your location on Sheet 2. You have measured a magnetic azimuth of 242 degrees to the Burritt Museum in circle #20 (Sheet 2). You have also measured a magnetic azimuth of 335 degrees to the radio tower in circle #21 (Sheet 2). Where are you located? (35) You want to find your location on Sheet 2. You have measured a magnetic azimuth of 242 degrees to the Burritt Museum in circle #20 (Sheet 2). You have also measured a magnetic azimuth of 335 degrees to the radio tower in circle #21 (Sheet 2). Where are you located? (36) What magnetic direction would you travel if you went from the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2) (36) What magnetic direction would you travel if you went from the building at the center of circle #1 (Sheet 2) to the building in the center of circle #18 (Sheet 2) (37) What is the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north? (37) What is the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north? (38) If you determined from the map sheet that you need to walk a grid azimuth of 145 degrees to your destination, what azimuth would you set on your compass in order to reach your destination? (38) If you determined from the map sheet that you need to walk a grid azimuth of 145 degrees to your destination, what azimuth would you set on your compass in order to reach your destination? (40 How,any feet in a mile? (40 How,any feet in a mile? Lookout Tower on Monte Sano 334 Degrees True North points to the North Pole – not very useful except for Inertial Measurement Units. Grid North is at the top of the vertical lines on the mapsheet; you align your protractor with them. Magnetics North is where your compass points; it is how you navigate on the land. Grid declination is about 1 degree. Look at map sheet. MN is west of GN. Means that GN = MN - 1. Want MN. MN = GN + 1. For 145 Grid, Magnetic is 146 degrees. Hardly means much in AL, but it would in Oregon. 5,280 feet

118. 118 Troop 8 Land Navigation Part 4 of 4 (GPS)

119. 119 What is it? A satellite based navigation system.What is it? A satellite based navigation system. SatellitesSatellites 24 satellites; 21 operational; 3 spares24 satellites; 21 operational; 3 spares 12,000 miles above the Earth’s surface12,000 miles above the Earth’s surface Move at 7,000 miles per hourMove at 7,000 miles per hour Circle the Earth two times per dayCircle the Earth two times per day Lifetime is 10 years; DoD continually launching replacementsLifetime is 10 years; DoD continually launching replacements Power by solar cells (backup is battery for solar eclipse)Power by solar cells (backup is battery for solar eclipse) Average transmitted power is 20-50 watts (The average FM radio station transmits 100,000 watts of power!)Average transmitted power is 20-50 watts (The average FM radio station transmits 100,000 watts of power!) Global Positioning System

120. 120 Satellites (Continued)Satellites (Continued) Transmit frequency is 1575.42 MHzTransmit frequency is 1575.42 MHz Each satellite has an atomic clock – very precise.Each satellite has an atomic clock – very precise. Accuracy of system is 10-15 meters normally, but special techniques can be used to reduce this to centimetersAccuracy of system is 10-15 meters normally, but special techniques can be used to reduce this to centimeters GPS system consists of three segmentsGPS system consists of three segments Space Segment – the satellitesSpace Segment – the satellites Control Segment – ground station control (5 units around the world – four are unmanned)Control Segment – ground station control (5 units around the world – four are unmanned) User Segment – your GPS unit – which is actually a mini-computerUser Segment – your GPS unit – which is actually a mini-computer Global Positioning System (Continued)

121. 121 Global Positioning System (GPS) How a GPS works. Uses concept of triangulation (aka resection on topographic maps) Signal sent out from satellites. GPS receiver needs to receive signal from 4 different satellites. The GPS receiver determines the amount of time that it takes the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver. Distance = speed x time = speed of light x time = 300,000,000 m/sec x time GPS receiver knows the location of the satellite in space Earth Two Satellites I know that I am somewhere on the intersection of the two spheres. The locus of points is an ellipse Earth Three Satellites I know that I am somewhere on the intersection of the three sphere or one of two points on the ellipse. Earth Four Satellites I know that I am at one of the two points. Distance One Satellite I know that I am somewhere on a sphere centered on the satellite = GPS Satellite Earth

122. 122 Practical Exercises Outside GPS Course GPS Course