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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.1 Operating System Concepts Chapter 5: Threads Overview Multithreading Models Threading Issues Pthreads Solaris 2 Threads Windows 2000 Threads Linux Threads Java Threads
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.2 Operating System Concepts PROCESS
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.3 Operating System Concepts Single and Multithreaded Processes
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.4 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.5 Operating System Concepts BENEFITS
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.6 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.7 Operating System Concepts Remote Procedure Call Using Threads
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.8 Operating System Concepts Remote Procedure Call Using Threads
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.9 Operating System Concepts PROCESS VERSUS TREAD CONTEXT SWITCHING PER PROCESS ITEMS PER THREAD ITEMS Address spaceProgram counter Global variablesRegisters Open filesStack Child processesState Pending alarms Signals, signal handlers Accounting info
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.10 Operating System Concepts THREAD STATES Spawn:New thread created Running, Ready: As before Block:Waiting for event. Do the mini-context switch i.e. save and restore registers, PC and SP Unblock:Change state to Ready Finish:Finish the thread within the process
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.11 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.12 Operating System Concepts Relationship Between Threads and Processes Threads:ProcessDescriptionExample Systems 1:1Each thread of execution is a unique process with its own address space and resources. Traditional UNIX implementations M:1 A process defines an address space and dynamic resource ownership. Multiple threads may be created and executed within that process. Windows NT, Solaris, OS/2, OS/390, MACH
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.13 Operating System Concepts Relationship Between Threads and Processes Threads:ProcessDescriptionExample Systems 1:MA thread may migrate from one process environment to another. This allows a thread to be easily moved among distinct systems. Ra (Clouds), Emerald M:MCombines attributes of M:1 and 1:M cases TRIX
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.14 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.15 Operating System Concepts USER – LEVEL THREADS
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.16 Operating System Concepts KERNEL – LEVEL THREADS
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.17 Operating System Concepts User Threads Thread management done by user-level threads library Examples - POSIX Pthreads - Mach C-threads - Solaris threads
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.18 Operating System Concepts Kernel Threads Supported by the Kernel Examples - Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - Solaris - Tru64 UNIX - BeOS - Linux
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.19 Operating System Concepts Multithreading Models Many-to-One One-to-One Many-to-Many
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.20 Operating System Concepts Many-to-One Many user-level threads mapped to single kernel thread. Used on systems that do not support kernel threads.
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.21 Operating System Concepts Many-to-One Model
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.22 Operating System Concepts One-to-One Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread. Examples - Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - OS/2
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.23 Operating System Concepts One-to-one Model
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.24 Operating System Concepts Many-to-Many Model Allows many user level threads to be mapped to many kernel threads. Allows the operating system to create a sufficient number of kernel threads. Solaris 2 Windows NT/2000 with the ThreadFiber package
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.25 Operating System Concepts Many-to-Many Model
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.26 Operating System Concepts Threading Issues Semantics of fork() and exec() system calls. Thread cancellation. Signal handling Thread pools Thread specific data
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.27 Operating System Concepts Pthreads a POSIX standard (IEEE 1003.1c) API for thread creation and synchronization. API specifies behavior of the thread library, implementation is up to development of the library. Common in UNIX operating systems.
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.28 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.29 Operating System Concepts /* example – cont. */
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.30 Operating System Concepts Solaris 2 Threads
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.31 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.32 Operating System Concepts Solaris Process
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.33 Operating System Concepts
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.34 Operating System Concepts Solaris Thread Execution Synchronization Suspension Preemption Yielding
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.36 Operating System Concepts Windows 2000 Threads Implements the one-to-one mapping. Each thread contains - a thread id - register set - separate user and kernel stacks - private data storage area
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.37 Operating System Concepts Linux Threads Linux refers to them as tasks rather than threads. Thread creation is done through clone() system call. Clone() allows a child task to share the address space of the parent task (process)
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.38 Operating System Concepts Java Threads Java threads may be created by: Extending Thread class Implementing the Runnable interface Java threads are managed by the JVM.
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Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002 5.39 Operating System Concepts Java Thread States
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