1. VOLVO’s ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR NEXT GENERATION TRUCKS
CECILIA GUNNARSSON
Feature Specialist Environment
Volvo Truck Corporation

2. Volvo does not intend to protect motor vehicles at any price and in all connections.
However, the motor vehicle is indispensable today as a transport unit. It is in the interest of Volvo that motor vehicles are used in such a way that they do not cause damage or injury.
Volvo now considers its responsibility to be not only to ensure that the products are practical as transport units but also that they function in the widest perspective - in our environment.
Volvo alone cannot solve the environmental problems associated with motor vehicles. The community carries the main responsibility for developing our transport systems. But Volvo is determined to make active contributions with viewpoints and proposed solutions.
Volvo is convinced that a city environment which is both vital and favourable to human beings can be combined with efficient transport resources. The community needs both.
Volvo considers that neither fantastic Utopian products nor a romantic back-to-nature movement will solve the problems of the community but believes instead in practical and simple solutions which can be discussed and understood by everyone.
1972

3. Core Values Environment Safety Quality
Quality, Safety, and Environmental care express the Volvo Group’s ambition to create value for our customers and to contribute to sustainable development as an active partner with society

4. Environmental Challenges
Energy
Greenhouse effect
Air quality
Noise
In-depth analysis, transport efficiency
Types of transport
All types of transport have a specific need that has to be met. The conditions for how transport will develop thus vary considerably between different countries and regions. However, we can see that to meet future needs, all types of transport must be utilised more efficiently than at present. Trains, ships, aircraft and trucks will all be used to a greater extent than today in those parts of the haulage industry where they are best suited.

5. Climate Change
“Climate issues will present the automotive industry with its greatest challenge in the future”
Leif Johansson President and CEO of AB Volvo.
The needed reduction of fossil greenhouse gas emissions will be a very strong driver for low or CO2 neutral fuels and vehicles.

6. NO2 in Gothenburg, Sweden 2000
Air Quality
NO2 in Gothenburg, Sweden 2000
NOx and PM content in air
Measurements show road traffic as main sources

7. Emission Standards Euro 2 US 04 Euro 3 Particles
Alternative technologies
SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) + Urea
EGR + CRT (Diesel Particulate Filter)
US 04
Euro 3
Particles
The society and we all as people have a genuine care for the environment. Fuel efficient trucks within the framework of very strict environmental standards are of utmost importance. Proposed future emission standards from 2005 and on (Euro 4/5; US 07-11) requires new advanced technologies which currently are at an intense stage of development
assumes low
sulfur fuel
US US07 Euro Euro 4
g/kW,h
NOx

9. Production of all Oil and Gas
“Oil peak. The time of cheap and abundant crude oil will be over!”
The Green represent Regular Oil, assuming that the Middle East is now producing at close to its practical capacity.
The Brown represents the heavy oils and bitumen of Canada and Venezuela that can be extracted only slowly and with difficulty
The Blue represents the new deepwater frontier, which is limited to a few areas with the right geology.
The White represents uncertain polar oil mainly from Siberia
The Striped represent Natural Gas Liquids, linked to gas
The Red is Natural Gas, whose production is set to rise to a plateau before falling steeply
The Purple is unconventional gas, such as Coalbed methane
Source: CJ Campbell, 2004

10. Infrastructure Impact on Fuel Consumption
Infrastructure Impact on Fuel Consumption ..impact on the number of stops 50
100
150
200
250
300
240
210
163
Fuel consumption index, %
136
100 1 3 5 10
Number of stops per 10 km
Tractor / semi trailer combination, 40 tons

11. Road transport emission development
All gaseous emission components will soon reach “sustainable” levels except CO2 … our future challenge!
CO2
Regulation of exhaust emissions has successfully reduced transport emissions over time and are now approaching sustainable levels. As is evident from this graph of fleet average emissions, the carbon dioxide or fuel consumption has not seen the same dramatic development.
Increasing scarcity of light crude oil and growing concerns of global warming will change the focus from today’s regulated emissions to CO2 or fuel efficiency.
In principal there are three avenues that all has potential that needs to be explored more intensely. Fuel from renewable bio-based sources, efficiency development of our energy converter (the diesel engine) and not the least the vehicle itself. I will briefly discuss examples of these avenues of opportunities starting with alternative fuels.

12. Future Fuel Sources, Outlook Renewable fuels are not “Alternative” rather “Complementary”
European Union
Alternative fuels 6%
20%
CTL
fossil based fuel
GTL
CO2 neutral
Source: COM(2001) 547 final

13. Scenario conclusions Climate change must be addressed
Well-to-wheel CO2 emissions
Current use of oil is not sustainable in the long run
Availability
Security
Oil price
Energy efficiency must be focused, regardless if the energy is finite or renewable
Well-to-wheel energy efficiency

14. ”Well-to-wheel” analysis Volvo study
g/kWh
40%
1000
Fossil
Renewable
30%
750
20%
500
10%
250 0%
DME (wood)
Diesel (crude oil)
Biogas (sewage)
MeOH (wood)
RME (rape seed)
Ethanol (wood)
Ethanol (wheat)
DME (natural gas)
CNG (natural gas)
MeOH (natural gas)
DME (wood, black liquor)
Synthetic diesel (wood)
Synthetic diesel (natural gas)
MeOH (wood, black liquor)
Energy efficiency, %
CO2-equivalents, g/kWh

15. Diesel pump price will continue to escalate.
Future fuel scenario
The increasing gap between production of light crude and market growth can only partly be compensated by Bio-fuel.
Synthetic fuel production based on other fossil hydrocarbon will have to increase, thicker unconventional oil, GTL and CTL. However, this will have a continuous worsening effect on the global CO2 issue.
Best Well-to-Wheel efficiency obtained through the DME route.
The use of DME eliminates the PM issue.
Synthetic diesel will not need new infrastructure, engines and onboard high pressure tank system.
Regionally natural gas will increase in importance as a logistic fuel.
Diesel pump price will continue to escalate.

16. DME - Dimethylether A multi source and multi purpose fuel
Natural gas
Power
generation
DME
Diesel
Other fossil
sources
Fuel cell
Domestic gas
CH3-O-CH3
Bio-mass
Chemical feedstock

17. Paradigm Shift By 2012 Reduced Consumption of Fossil Oil
Regional Challenge on NOx and Particulates solved (US’10, Euro 6)
Global Challenge on CO2 remains to be addressed
Growing scarcity of, and limited alternatives to, Fossil Oil.
Reduced Consumption of Fossil Oil
Improved Transport Efficiency
Improved Vehicle Efficiency
Alternative Fuel Solutions
Alternative Drivelines
Larger Trucks
Intelligent Trucks
Curb Weight Optimisation
Reduced Air- and Rolling Resistance
Smarter Powertrain Solutions
Improved Powertrain Control
Enhanced Engine Technology for improved fuel economy

18. Volvo’s Position on Future Fuels
Conventional diesel fuel will remain the dominant fuel for at least two decades.
Natural gas and biogas will be used regionally.
DME is a strong candidate for a more long term future fuel:
Best well-to-wheel energy efficiency from bio source.
Close to CO2 neutral if produced from biomass.
Implementation will require joint forces
Political system
Energy sector
Vehicle producers
Vehicle customers
Transforming an energy system comprising vehicles, fuel and infrastructure takes a long time
Requires extensive resources from everyone involved

19. Transport Efficiency
More efficient transportation with lower environmental impact
Make it possible to improve utilization of existing transport capacity by up to 10%
More cargo can be moved with fewer trucks
Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are both cut
Offers detailed information about how much fuel the truck uses IT
Another area that has created entirely new preconditions for more efficient and less environmentally impacting transportation is IT. Volvo Trucks has developed systems for vehicle and transport management that give the haulage firm full control over all the trucks in the fleet and make it possible to improve utilization of existing transport capacity by up to 10%. This means in practice that more cargo can be moved with fewer trucks, that empty or half-empty runs are reduced and that fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are also cut. The system also offers detailed information about how much fuel the truck uses, which makes it easy to see which drivers drive economically and which drivers need further training.
Movie: Short movie showing the main features in Dynafleet.

20. Bigger Combinations in Long Haul … Euro Module System improves productivity
Legal in EU
Legal in Sweden & Finland
7.82 m
13.6 m
7.82 m
13.6 m
7.82 m
13.6 m
Max m & GCW 60 ton
13.6 m
Two vehicles instead of three
Possible to recouple to shorter combinations
Standard load units (7.82m and 13.6m)
Less total fuel consumption (15%)
Less emissions per tonkm
Less total room on road
Lower cost per tonkm
Less road damage
Max m & GCW 44 ton

21. Comparison 25.25 M Vehicles to Other Sizes Capacity needed for the transport of 106 pallets
No. of trucks
Space on road
Fuel per
1000tonkm*
Fuel
Index
GCW
60 ton 2
130 m
16 lit 84
2 x 25.25
40 ton 3
172 m
19 lit
100
3 x 18.75
26 ton 6
300 m
27 lit
142
18 ton 9
432 m
37 lit
195
12 ton 16
755 m
53 lit
279
7.5 ton 20
903 m
78 lit
410
* Note: Calculated with consideration to “normal” utilization

22. Environmental Concept Truck

23. The HILDUR

24. Distribution Concept Vehicle
Fewer vehicles and safer urban traffic!
Should be able to replace today’s conventional distribution trucks, vans and courier vehicles. A development that would cut the number of urban distribution vehicles by about 30 percent
Improved productivity influences energy consumption for the distribution of each package, and coordination of distribution helps reduce the number of vehicles on the road. This in turn has a positive effect on total exhaust emissions.