1. Measures of Mortality & Mortality in Different Populations

2. Mortality is a term which means “death” or describes death and related issues

3. Mortality Table

4. Selected Mortality Rates

5. Maternal Mortality

6. Rates With rates, the numerator is included in the denominator
Rate is the number of or frequency of a disease per unit size of population

7. Ratio

8. Ratios
Ratio – the relation in number, degree or quantity existing between two similar things
25 ♀ : 30 ♂
Ratio as a fraction
25/30 or 5/6

9. Proportions
Compare like populations or like illnesses within a population
For example, 40 children are currently ill with measles, while 80 children all together have or have had the measles

10. Mortality Deaths; describes death; related issues Graunt
1600s – Bills of Mortality
Farr ( )
Registrar general; vital statistics
Causes
Registration

12. Types of Mortality Rates/Ratio
annual death rate
crude death rates
infant mortality rates (ratio)
neonatal mortality rates
postneonatal mortality rates
perinatal mortality rates
fetal death rates
fetal death ratios
abortion rates
maternal mortality rates
adjusted mortality rates
standardized mortality ratio
specific death rates
proportionate mortality rate- case fatality rate
mortality crossover – mortality time trends
Your Assignment:
familiarize yourself
with the definitions
of these terms

13. Three Levels of Rates
Crude rates
Adjusted rates
Specific rates/ratios

14. Annual Death Rates “General” (crude) mortality rate
a population group exposed to risk of death
a time period
Crude Mortality Rate = # of deaths occurring in that population during that period of time

15. Crude Death Rates
Does NOT account for differences of age, sex, etc. in any aspect of death
Info needed:
total deaths
total population
a given period of time

16. Crude Death Rates
(cont’d)

17. Cause Specific Mortality Rate

18. Cause Specific Mortality Rate

19. Case Fatality Rate

20. Specific Death Rates
For example: Early life mortality measures

21. Specific Death Rates
For example: infant mortality

22. Infant Death Rates in the U.S.

23. Specific Death Rates Neonatal mortality rate
(cont’d)
Neonatal mortality rate
Postneonatal mortality rate

24. Neonatal & Postneonatal Death Rates

25. Specific Death Rates
(cont’d)
Perinatal mortality rates

26. Specific Death Rates
(cont’d)
Fetal death rate

27. Maternal Mortality Rates

28. Maternal Mortality Rates
(cont’d)

29. Adjusted Death Rates
Allows comparisons by controlling for differences in some variables
Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR)
Specific Mortality Rates
Does NOT account for differences of age, sex, etc. in any aspect of death
Info needed:
total deaths
total population
a given period of time

30. Adjusted Death Rates Age Adjusted Rates
Direct Method

31. Adjusted Death Rates Age Adjusted Rates
(cont’d)
Direct Method

32. Adjusted Death Rates Age Adjusted Rates
(cont’d)
Direct Method

33. Adjusted Death Rates Age Adjusted Rates
(cont’d)
Indirect Method
Standard Mortality Ratio

34. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)

35. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)

36. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)

37. Specific Mortality Rates
Age specific mortality rate

38. Age-Specific Mortality Rates

39. Other Issues Related to Mortality
Mortality Cross-over
Death of a subject that started in one group but “crossed over” to another group during course of study
Mortality Time Trends
Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
YPLL Rate

40. Years of Potential Life Lost