1. Microbiology Cells

2. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells2 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Examples of Prokaryotes: –Bacteria –Cyanobacteria –Archaebacteria

3. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells3 Bacteria (Anthrax)

4. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells4 Cyanobacteria

5. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells5 Archaebacteria

6. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells6 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Examples of Eukaryotes: –Plant cells –Animal cells –Fungal cells –Protozoan cells

7. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells7 Plant Cell

8. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells8 Animal Cell (Liver)

9. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells9 Fungal Cell (Yeast)

10. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells10 Protist Cell (Paramecium)

11. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells11 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

12. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells12 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Similarities Both contain DNA as genetic material Both contain ribosomes Both contain RNA Both respire and produce proteins

13. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells13 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Differences Prokaryotes No true nucleus No membrane bound organelles No cytoplasmic streaming Single, circular chromosome Plasmids present Cells smaller in size Ribosomes are smaller Cell wall - peptidoglycan Eukaryotes Contain a true nucleus Contain membrane bound organelles Cytoplasm streams Minimum of 2 linear chromosomes No plasmids Cells larger in size Ribosomes are larger Cell wall- cellulose

14. Eukaryotic Cellular Organization Cell Structures and Organelles

15. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells15 Eukaryotic Cell

16. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells16 Plasma Membrane Phospholipid bilayer Selectively permeable Proteins –Channel proteins –Receptor proteins –Antigens-glycoproteins Sterols- add rigidity –Cholesterol –Ergosterol

17. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells17 Cell Membrane (cont.)

18. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells18 Nucleus Nuclear Envelope –Composed of a double membrane –Contains pores allowing RNA to pass Nucleolus –Produces ribosomal RNA- subunits of ribosomes Chromatin –Active form of chromosomes –Composed of DNA and histones

19. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells19 Nucleus (cont.)

20. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells20 Nucleus (cont.)

21. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells21 Endoplasmic Reticulum Two types- rough and smooth Transport system in the cell Rough ER- contain ribosomes-assists in the production and transport of proteins Smooth ER-involved in production of lipids- especially for the membrane

22. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells22 Ribosomes Attach to endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm Produce proteins –Attached- produce proteins to be shipped out of the cell –Free- produce proteins to be used by the cell 80s in size

23. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells23 Golgi Apparatus Golgi bodies-individual units Golgi apparatus-network of golgi bodies Stacks of flattened membrane sacs Receive substances from the ER Packages substances to be sent out in vesicles Assist in producing membrane and lysosomes

24. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells24 Mitochondrian Surrounded by an outer membrane Inner membrane is folded- Cristae Matrix-semifluid contents of inner membrane Powerhouse of the cell

25. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells25 Mitochondrian (cont.) Site of aerobic respiration in the eukaryotic cell Contain their own ribosomes- 70s in size Contain a single chromosome Capable of reproducing on their own Endosymbiont theory

26. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells26 Chloroplasts Composed of two membranes like mitochondria Thylakoids-flattened disks that contain chlorophyll Stacks of thylakoids-grana Site of photosynthesis Contain their own ribosomes- 70s in size Contain a single chromosome

27. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells27 Chloroplast (cont.)

28. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells28

29. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells29

30. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells30 Vacuoles Store starch, glycogen, or fat to be used for energy Store water in plant cells- usually larger in size

31. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells31 Lysosomes Primarily found in animal cells Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion Sometimes called “suicide sacs” Produced by the golgi bodies

32. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells32 Cytoskeleton Protein fibers- microtubules and microfilaments Supports the cell Provides rigidity and shape to the cell Assists in movement- ameboid movement of wbc’s

33. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells33 Cell Wall Found in plants, fungi, and some algae Functions: –Supports the cell –Prevents from lysis due to osmotic pressure Main structural component- cellulose

34. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells34 Cilia and Flagella structures of movement Flagella –2 microtubules surrounded by 9 pair of microtubules –Whip to propel –Microtubules slide toward or away from base of cell –Found in sperm cells, some protozoa and some algae

35. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells35 Cilia and Flagella stuctures of movement Cilia –Structure similar to flagella –Shorter- and more numerous than flagella –Found in some animal cells, and protozoans

36. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells36 Plants vs Animals Plants Contain a cell wall Contain chloroplasts Large central vacuole No centrioles Animals No cell wall No chloroplasts Some have vacuoles but usually smaller Contain centrioles- structures used in reproduction

37. 6/1/2015Microbiology: Cells37 Plant vs Animal