1. Highlights of NuFact02 Bruno Autin, CERN

2. Outline Introduction Particle production Transverse and longitudinal collection Cooling  beams Conclusions

4. Four working groups: (1) Machine - B.Autin (CERN), R.Fernow (BNL), S.Machida (KEK) (2) Neutrino oscillations- D.Harris (FNAL), S.King (Soton), O.Yasuda (TMU) (3) Non-oscillation- A.Kataev (Moscow), S.Kumano neutrino physics (SAGA), K.McFarland (Rochester) (4) Non-neutrino science- K.Jungmann (KVI), J-M.Poutissou (TRIUMF), K.Yoshimura (KEK) 49 Plenary talks, 106 parallel talks ~85 hours of talks!

5. Banquet in Flight Gallery, Science Museum with Lord Sainsbury – Minister of Science Sir Richard Sykes – Rector of IC Prof Ian Halliday – CEO PPARC

6. General Trends Cost reduction Reliability Robustness Upgradability

7. Proton Drivers 2.2 to 50 GeV Some multiple purpose: PP + other areas Superbeams,  -beams, F 1-4 MW a few ns bunch length

8. SPL SPL Wyss

9. 30 GeV synchrotron

10. Costs Schönauer SPL: driver for a conventional superbeam to Frejus driver for  -beams R&D already started with CEA RCS:replacement for PS

11. JHF Accelerators Mori

12. Others….. Rees ISIS upgrade:  New ring, R=78m; ISIS R=26m  3 GeV at 50Hz – 1MW neutron spallation source  8 GeV at 50/3 Hz – 1MW R&D for a Neutrino Factory  Same RF, modified magnet P/S for 8 GeV  Possibility of developing to 4MW

13. Particle Production The Hadron Production Experiment 2-15 GeV, East Hall, CERN Ellis

14. Main Injector Particle Production Experiment 5-120 GeV, FNAL, 2002-2004 Raja

15. Proposed rotating tantalum target ring Targetry Flying Liquid mercury jet Rotating solid target Stationary Graphite Invar or super-invar Tantalum beads Densham Sievers

16. Liquid Hg Tests at BNL Proton power 16kW in 100ns Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s Kirk 0.0ms0.5ms1.2ms1.4ms2.0ms3.0ms Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40  s

17. Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble. B = 0T 1cm Mercury jet (v=15 m/s) B = 18T Fabich/Lettry Jet deflection Reduction in velocity

18. Pion Capture: Solenoids Kirk 20T1.25T

19. Pion Capture: Horn Gilardoni Inner conductor Under mechanical and thermal tests

20. Phase Rotation Study 2 Many ideas: Induction linac Drift and bunching Phase rotation in an FFAG Bunch to bucket at 88MHz Magnetic compression in AG chicane Weak focussing FFAG chicane Neuffer Sato Hanke Pasternak Rees/Harold

21. Phase Rotation Neuffer

22. u Drift (80m) u Buncher (60m) 380  230 MHz, V  6.5 (z/L) MV/m u  E Rotator(30m) 230  220 MHz, V = 10 MV/m u Cooler (100m) ~220 MHz

23. Longitudinal Motion Drift Bunch  E rotate Cool

24. Cost Savings u High Frequency  -  E Rotation replaces Study 2: u Decay length (20m, 5M$) u Induction Linacs + minicool (350m, 320M$) u Buncher (50m, 70M$) u Replaces with: u Drift (100m) u Buncher (60m) u Rf Rotator (10m) u Rf cost =30M$; magnet cost =40M$ Conv. Fac. 10M$ Misc. 10M$ …… u Back of the envelope: 400M$  100M$

25. Muon Front End Chicane Pion-muon decay channel 88 MHz muon linac Rees/Harold

26. Chicane magnet

27. Cooling MuCool 800 MHz cavities + solenoid: MV/m + dark current Pill box cavities 200 MHz cavities (LBNL; CERN and Cornell) LH2 absorbers Test area under construction at Fermilab (Lab G)

28. Pill box cavity D. Li u Development of 805 MHz Pillbox cavity u High shunt impedance and high acceleration gradient at order of 30 MV/m  Z 0 = 38 M  /m u Allow for testing of Be windows with different thickness, coatings and as well as other windows u Study RF cavity operation issues under the influence of strong magnetic fields in solenoid and gradient modes u The cavity: design and status u The 805 MHz pillbox cavity design should allow for testing of different windows  demountable windows to cover the beam irises (five Be windows, four Cu windows: two of them with Ti coatings on one side)

29. Pill box cavity The cavity was fabricated at University of Mississippi, brazed at Alpha Braze Comp.

30. Preliminary cavity design with water cooling channels and tuning mechanism. The cavity design accommodates either Be windows or a grid design. 201 MHz cavity

31. AG cooling C. Johnstone, H. Schonauer u Muons (180MeV/c to 245MeV/c) u Magnetic Quadrupoles (k=2.88) u Liquid H Absorber: -dE/dx = -12MeV/35cm u Cavities: Energy gain +12MeV/Cell to compensate the loss in the absorber K. Makino Emittance Exchange Workshop at LBNL, October 3-19, 2001 4m Cell

32. Full simulation K. Makino Emittance Exchange Workshop at LBNL, October 3-19, 2001

33. Ring Coolers Main change: Rings! Balbekov Motivation: shorter longitudinal cooling

34. Cline/Garren AG Ring RFOFO Palmer

35. RF windows Heat in absorber Injection kicker Palmer Merit =  6 x trans.

37. MICE Collaboration of 40 institutes from Europe, Japan, US LOI recently reviewed by international panel at RAL Enthusiastically supported MICE Asked for a proposal by end 2002 Construction: 2002-2004 First beam: 2004/5 Edgecock

38. RecirculatingLinearAcc. Other possibilities…… Bogacz

39. FFAG Expected to be cost effective p  150-450 MeV/c  L = 4.5 eV.s  T = 3 cm 0.3  /p Johnstone/Machida/Mori/Neuffer

40. VRCS Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz  20 ms Proposal: accelerate in 58  s  4.3 kHz Do it 15 times a second For 2  20 GeV, 20  180 GeV, 180  1600 GeV: Ring – 350m circumference RF – 200 MHz, 15 MV/m, possibly s/c Magnets – 100  laminations of thick grain oriented Si steel Eddy current losses: 45MW  24kW Skin depth: 94 microns Power supplies: 115 kV x 81 kA Copper heating: 600 + 800W Summers

41.  -Beams ISOL Target and ECR LinacCyclotronStorage Ring PSSPSDecay ring/Buncher SPL Lindroos/Wenander/Zucchelli

42.  e  bar source 6 He T ½ =0.81 s E lab = 580 MeV E/nucleon = 130 GeV 5 x 10 13 /s  e source 18 Ne T ½ =1.67 s E lab = 930 MeV E/nucleon = 130 GeV 10 12 /s

43. Single flavour Known intensity & energy spectrum Focussed Low energy Space charge problems Complementary to superbeams: CP and T violations Analyzed for CERN accelerators only R&D for ion sources Space charge problems Hadronic pollution

44. Huber 90% CL JHF-HK = 4MW, 1000kT; 6 years, 2 years NuFact-II = 5.3 x10 20 useful  /yr, 50kT; 4 years  

45. Zucchelli SB+BB = 400kT; Nufact = 2x40kT (M. Mezzetto, NNN02)

46. Comments…… Neutrino Factory is still the best We must continue with the R&D! Resources are scarce: Cannot do everything Must build complementary programme based on physics Degeneracy: Better SB + large (water) detector than two NF detectors – SN, proton decay, etc Weighing difference proposals will be painful Delicate balance: keep growing prevent fragmentation Harris/Mezzetto Mezzetto Harris

47. Conclusions NuFact’02: very enjoyable and well organised Nice location (despite the weather) Good attendance Lots of new ideas NF is still the ultimate LBL neutrino oscillation facility Very important R&D continues Need a complementary oscillation programme NuFact’03……..

48. Conclusions

49. NuFact 03 5 th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories & Superbeams Columbia University New York 5 – 11 June 2003