1. 111 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Pre-Launch GOES-R Risk Reduction Activities For the Geostationary Lightning Mapper WSN05 4-9 September 2005 Toulouse, France Photo, David Blankenship Guntersville, Alabama Steven J. Goodman, R. J. Blakeslee, D. J. Boccippio, H. J. Christian, W. J. Koshak, W. A. Petersen NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Earth and Planetary Science Branch Huntsville, Alabama, USA

2. 222 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Other Users NWS OAR NOS NMFS NMAO PPI NOAA Users NESDIS Ecosystems, Weather & Water, Climate, Commerce & Transportation GPRD Aerosols Precipitation Atmospheric Profiles Ocean Space & Solar Clouds Land Requirements Atmospheric Radiance Atmospheric Winds Coastal Waters & Estuaries Mapping Requirements To System Solutions Coronagraph Microwave Sounder/Imager Potential P3I Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) Adv. Baseline Imager (ABI) Solar Imaging Suite (SIS) Space Env In-Situ Suite (SEISS) Instruments GOES Lightning Mapper (GLM) Baseline Instruments Hyperspectral Imager Solar Irradiance Sensor GOES-R System MRD Courtesy of Tim Walsh

3. 333 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Predict the onset of tornadoes, hail, microbursts, flash floods; Track thunderstorms and warn of approaching lightning threats; Improve airline routing around thunderstorms; improving safety, saving fuel, and reducing delays; TAFs Provide real-time hazardous weather information, improving the efficiency of emergency management; NWP/Data Assimilation; Locate lightning strikes known to cause forest fires and reduce response times; Multi-sensor precipitation algorithms; Assess the role of thunderstorms and deep convection in global climate; Provide a new data source to improve air quality / chemistry forecasts. GLM Applications and Benefits

4. 444 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division RFP Released 26 July 2005 Proposals Received 29 August 2005 Two $2M Formulation Study Awards January 2006 Downselect to One Implementation Phase Award Coverage Trade Study –Optimum configuration to provide continuous, real-time, simultaneous coverage of the defined full-disk area. –Configuration that would cover a hemisphere, north-to-south or east-to-west and a cost delta vs full-disk –CONUS and surrounding area only and a cost delta vs full-disk GLM Formulation Status The GLM is a single channel, visible imager used to measure total lightning activity over the full-disk as part of a 3-axis stabilized, geostationary weather satellite system

5. 555 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) GLM on GOES Dual imager configuration NASA Lightning Mapper Concept TRMM Lightning Imaging Sensor Heritage Dual-Imager Configuration (8 km ifov)

6. 666 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division CCD Subsystems Sunshades LMS Dual Imager (Electronics Above Nadir Deck) Lens Assemblies Power Converters Video Distribution Data Formatter & Instrument Controller RTEPs Temp Control Housekeeping 500 mm 200 mm 375 mm 250 mm 500 mm

7. 777 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Instrument Risk Reduction Status Six flight-quality optical assemblies complete with narrow-band interference and solar-blocking filters have been delivered to NASA. CCD’s fabricated, integrated with breadboard drive electronics, and tested at 500 frames/sec satisfying key performance requirements (uniformity, linearity, quantum efficiency, well depth). Engineering Model of the LMS Sensor Assembly being built. Engineering Model of the LMS Electronics Assembly being built. A fully functional Real Time Event Processor (RTEP) has been built, tested, and integrated with a CCD subassembly. Performance exceeds operating speed and S/N requirements.

8. 888 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Global Distribution of Lightning 1995-2003

9. 999 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Extreme Lightning Rate Storms Observed by TRMM LIS (Cecil et al., MWR, 2005) * Annual number of casualties due to lightning US ~ 1000/yr Deaths ~ 80-100/yr Worldwide ~ 25,000/yr * Ron Holle, 2004 Most Intense Electrical Storms on Earth Supercell Cecil et al., Mon. Wea. Rev., 2005)

10. 10 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Continuous GEO Total Lightning will identify severe storm potential Process physics understood Vortex Spins-up Updraft Intensifies Ice flux drives lightning Lightning jump precedes severe weatherLightning improves storm predictability Demonstrated in LEO with OTD & LIS Storm-scale model for decision support system Physical basis for improved forecasts IC flash rate controlled by graupel (ice mass) production (and vertical velocity) GLM GOES E View

11. 11 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Mapping storm initiation, growth, decay TRMM provides us a huge database of paired lightning, radar, IR and passive microwave observations (training, validation) Over entire tropics & subtropics (generalization) Total lightning increases as storm intensifies – can increase lead time for warning of severe and tornadic storms TRMM LIS-Lightning: May 1999 Stroud, OK Tornado GOES-R GLM Perspective

12. 12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Hurricane Katrina: Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) 24 Aug 05 28 Aug 05 26 Aug 05 29 Aug 05 LIS Background Images read out once per min 4 km ifov @ 777.4 nm Orbit swath 600 km

13. 13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division North Alabama Nowcasting Short-term Forecasting Test Bed

14. 14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division NASA North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) Map (10 stations) http://branch.nsstc.nasa.gov/ One hour of real-time data Tennessee Alabama 10 stations over 65 x50 km diameter area

15. 15 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) Network of 10 detectors centered about HSV (NMT heritage) Computes 4-D location of all electrical discharges (“flashes”) within LMA (CG…and IC, CC, CA) Flash location overlaid on radar and satellite imagery and updated every minute Trend information identifies growing/decaying storms Validation for TRMM LIS –NASA Senior Review to extend mission approved

16. 16 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division LMA/Radar Flash Animation

17. 17 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Total Lightning Impacts Decision Making at HUN  Has directly contributed to several correct severe warning decisions at HUN, OHX, and BMX. “…the LMA density map gives you a great overall view of where storms with intensifying updrafts are located. So it gives you a good map of where to concentrate attention.” “I believe the flash density rates were the primary factor in holding off on a warning.”  Data archived by WFO  Used in Warning Event Simulator for office training

18. 18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division May 6, 2003 Case Ill-defined Rotational Couplet 1.5º SRM 0.5 º SRM 0.5 º Refl LMA Source Density 1236 UTC

19. 19 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Broad Rotational Couplet Lightning Jump 1.5º SRM 0.5 º SRM 0.5 º Refl LMA Source Density 1246 UTC May 6, 2003 Case

20. 20 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division October 18, 2004 Case  Rotating storm near edges of radar coverage  LMA provided forecaster extra confidence in tornado warning F1 Jump 10/18/04 12 min Source Density LMA Source Density vs. Time

21. 21 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Total Lightning Data in AWIPS Science and Technology Risk Reduction Lightning Mapping Array  Ground based VHF network (Ch 5@72 MHz)  Continuous 3-D total lightning  Domain 400 km x 400 km  17 height levels, 2 km flash density  Auto-loads 32 frames of 2 min netCDF grids via SR Frame Relay CompositedBZ NLDN5-min LMA2-minVIL Scientific Benefits to WFO’s  Increased Situational Awareness, Confidence Limits  Rapid Update- Potential for increased lead time, reduced FAR  Identification of intensifying and weakening storms, potential severe storms, microburst wind shears, CG threat area  Fills gaps in radar coverage AWIPS 4-panel display at the HUN WFO

22. 22 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Lightning Flash Trend for Tornadic Supercells Spatial resampling at 1 km - 8km

23. 23 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Earth-Sun System Division Conclusions  http://thunder.msfc.nasa.gov (LIS) http://thunder.msfc.nasa.gov  http://weather.msfc.nasa.gov (SPoRT Center, Lightning Workshops) http://weather.msfc.nasa.gov  http://branch.nsstc.nasa.gov (Real-time LIS and North Alabama LMA) http://branch.nsstc.nasa.gov  http://osd.goes.noaa.gov (GOES-R Program Office) http://osd.goes.noaa.gov The operational demands on the spacecraft and ground systems are well-understood On-going instrument, science, algorithm, and forecaster benchmarking studies will reduce risk and accelerate the transition from research to on-orbit operations