1. Splash Screen

2. Section 1: Development of Political Parties
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. The United States has had a two-party system since its early days as a nation.
Chapter Intro 2

3. Section 2: Role of Political Parties Today
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Political parties play a large role in the decisions made by government.
Chapter Intro 2

4. Chapter Preview-End

5. Guide to Reading Big Idea
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.
Section 1-Main Idea

6. Political Parties
Political parties play a vital role in our democratic system.
Section 1

7. Political Parties (cont.)
Political parties form to win elections and influence government.
Historically, the United States has been dominated by a two-party system.
Washington’s warning against forming political parties
Section 1

8. Political Parties (cont.)
Jefferson and Hamilton’s differing viewpoints:
Jefferson supported limited federal government
Hamilton believed individual rights called for a strong national government
Section 1

9. Political Parties (cont.)
Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party opposing Hamilton and the Federalist Party, early 1800's
Democratic-Republican Party split by 1828
Democratic Party then competing with the Whig Party
Evolution of American Political Parties
Section 1

10. Political Parties (cont.)
Formation of the Republican Party, 1854
Abraham Lincoln is first Republican president
Evolution of American Political Parties
Section 1

11. Third Parties
Throughout American history, additional parties have arisen to influence politics.
Section 1

12. Third Parties (cont.)
Third parties have competed in the nation’s two-party system.
Populist Party called for direct election of senators and eight-hour working day
Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004
Section 1

13. Third Parties (cont.) Progressive Party ideas: The direct primary
The initiative
The referendum
Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004
Section 1

14. Third Parties (cont.) Single-Issue parties:
Promote a social, economic, or moral issue
Prohibitionist Party formed to ban alcohol
Usually do not last long
Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004
Section 1

15. Third Parties (cont.) Ideological parties:
Support a set of beliefs or political doctrine
Socialist Labor Party, Communist Party USA, and the Libertarian Party as examples
Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004
Section 1

16. Third Parties (cont.)
Third parties forming around independent candidates
Two-party tradition and raising money as obstacles to third parties
Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004
Section 1

17. Third Parties (cont.) Political parties in other countries
Multiparty system:
Three or more parties compete for control of government
Parties often must work together
Politically unstable because of competing interests
Section 1

18. Third Parties (cont.) One-party system
Party and government nearly the same thing
Elections as empty exercise
Section 1

19. How the Parties Differ
Political parties play a large role in the decisions made by government.
Section 1

20. How the Parties Differ (cont.)
Republicans and Democrats largely differ on the way that government should be involved in the lives of Americans.
Adoption of moderate and mainstream positions
Party platform made up of planks
Section 1

21. Section 1-End

22. Guide to Reading Big Idea
Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.
Section 2-Main Idea

23. Organization of Political Parties
Democrats and Republicans are organized into 50 state parties and thousands of local parties that operate independently of the national organization.
Section 2

24. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
The two major parties are organized at the local, state, and national levels.
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

25. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
The national committee of each party:
Made of representatives from every state
Raises funds for presidential elections
Organizes the party’s national convention
Run by a national party chairperson
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

26. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
National Convention:
Held once every four years
Party delegates nominate candidates for president and vice president
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

27. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Party delegates:
Chosen through presidential primary elections and caucuses
Write the party platform
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

28. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Campaign committees:
Made of members of Congress
Help elect party members and raise money
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

29. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
State organizations of a party:
Focus on electing party candidates to state offices
Work to elect party candidates for national offices
Local organizations of a party consisting of city, town, and county committees
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

30. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Precinct:
Geographic area containing a specific number of voters
Voters cast ballots at the same place
Run by precinct captains
Several geographically-connected precincts make up a ward
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

31. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
County committees:
Counties are the largest political units within a state
County chairperson has political power
Precinct and ward leaders building the party at the “grassroots” level
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

32. Organization of Political Parties (cont.)
Political machines:
Strong local party organizations
New York City’s Tammany Hall and “Boss” Tweed
Political machines serving useful purpose in the past
Political machines considered harmful today
Organization of Political Parties
Section 2

33. Nominating Candidates
Political parties nominate candidates to run for public office.
Section 2

34. Nominating Candidates (cont.)
Political parties hold primaries to nominate candidates for office
Direct primary:
Voters chose candidates to represent each party in a general election
Two main forms are closed and open primaries
Section 2

35. Nominating Candidates (cont.)
Only declared members of a party allowed to vote for party’s nominee in a closed primary
Voters need not declare their party preference to vote for party’s nominee in an open primary
Arguments for and against the closed primary
Section 2

36. Nominating Candidates (cont.)
Winning a primary:
Plurality of votes
Majority of votes
Winner becomes party candidate in the general election
Unaffiliated candidates added to ballots by petition
Section 2

37. Other Party Roles
In addition to nominating candidates for office, political parties have many other responsibilities.
Section 2

38. Other Party Roles (cont.)
Political parties perform many functions that allow citizens to communicate with the government.
Section 2

39. Other Party Roles (cont.)
Functions of political parties:
Campaigning for candidates
Informing citizens
Carrying the people’s message
Operating the government
Acting as a watchdog
Linking the different levels of government
Section 2

40. Section 2-End

41. What Is a Political Party?
A political party is a group of individuals outside of government that organizes to win elections, to operate the government, and to determine policy.
VS 1

42. Political Parties Form
Shortly after our nation began, two political parties formed.
The basic difference between the two parties today is their beliefs in how much the government should be involved in Americans’ lives.
In the United States, we have a two-party system, which means that two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics.
VS 2

43. Organization
Each party has a national committee and congressional campaign committees. Each party also has 50 state committees and many local party organizations.
In the past, some local party organizations became so powerful that their candidates won almost every election. These were known as political machines.
VS 3

44. What Political Parties Do
Select candidates
Inform the public
Coordinate policy making
Balance competing interests
Run campaigns
VS 4

45. Comparing Parties
One way to compare political parties is to study their party platforms, which are declarations of each party’s beliefs and positions on major issues.
The platform is made of planks, which are the party’s official positions on specific issues such as education, crime, and foreign policy.
VS 5

46. VS-End

47. Figure 1

48. Figure 2

49. Figure 3

50. TIME Trans

51. a democrat
DFS Trans 1

52. DFS Trans 2

53. political party
an association of voters with broad common interests who want to influence or control decision making in government by electing the party’s candidates to public office
Vocab1

54. two-party system
a system of government in which two parties compete for power
Vocab2

55. third party
a party that challenges the two major parties
Vocab3

56. platform
a series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues
Vocab4

57. plank
each individual part of a political party’s platform
Vocab5

58. stress
to place special importance or emphasis on something
Vocab6

59. promote
to encourage the acceptance or recognition of
Vocab7

60. national committee
representatives from the 50 state party organizations who run a political party
Vocab8

61. caucus a meeting of political party members to conduct party business
Vocab9

62. precinct a geographic area that contains a specific number of voters
Vocab10

63. ward several adjoining precincts making up a larger election unit
Vocab11

64. political machine
a strong party organization that can control political appointments and deliver votes
Vocab12

65. direct primary
an election in which voters choose candidates to represent each party in a general election
Vocab13

66. closed primary
an election in which only the declared members of a party are allowed to vote for that party’s nominees
Vocab14

67. open primary
an election in which voters need not declare their party preference to vote for the party’s nominees
Vocab15

68. plurality
the most votes among all those running for a political office
Vocab16

69. majority
a number that is more than 50 percent of the total
Vocab17

70. petition
a formal request for governmental action; a process by which candidates who are not affiliated with one of the two major parties can get on the ballot for the general election in most states
Vocab18

71. range
a variation between limits
Vocab19

72. adjacent
neighboring or near
Vocab20

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