2. THE RENAISSANCE The Beginning The End (1400 – 1550) (1625 – 1660) The Acme (1559 – 1625)

3. ► The Beginning ► The Beginning - a revolution of thought: - a revolution of thought: ◦ arts ◦ arts ◦ letters ◦ letters - an intellectual movement: - an intellectual movement: ◦ Western Europe ◦ Western Europe. Italy: Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio. Italy: Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio. Greek: Plato, Homer, Sophocles. Greek: Plato, Homer, Sophocles - the invention of printing (1450) - the invention of printing (1450) - the outbreak of the Reformation: - the outbreak of the Reformation: ◦ translations ◦ translations

4. - the revival of Learning : - the revival of Learning : ◦ essays: ◦ essays:. Sir Thomas More (1478 – 1535):. Sir Thomas More (1478 – 1535): Utopia (1516) the true prologue to the Utopia (1516) the true prologue to the Renaissance Renaissance ◦ poetry: ◦ poetry:. Thomas Wyatt (1503 -1542):. Thomas Wyatt (1503 -1542): Petrarchan sonnets an octave + sestet Petrarchan sonnets an octave + sestet abba abba cdc dcc abba abba cdc dcc. Henry Howard/Earl of Surrey (1517 – 1547):. Henry Howard/Earl of Surrey (1517 – 1547): English Sonnet three quatrains + a couplet English Sonnet three quatrains + a couplet abab cdcd efef gg abab cdcd efef gg

5. ◦ drama: ◦ drama:. Nicholas Udall Comedy. Nicholas Udall Comedy Ralph Roister Doister (1533) Ralph Roister Doister (1533). Thomas Norton Tragedy. Thomas Norton Tragedy Gorboduc or Ferrex and Porrex (1562) Gorboduc or Ferrex and Porrex (1562). Thomas Sackville (1536 – 1608). Thomas Sackville (1536 – 1608) The Mirror for Magistrates The Mirror for Magistrates

6. The Acme of the Renaissance / the Elizabethan Age ▪ Poetry 1. Edmund Spenser (1552 – 1599) 1. Edmund Spenser (1552 – 1599) - Shepherd’s Calendar (1579) - Shepherd’s Calendar (1579) - Fairie Queene (1589 – 1596) - Fairie Queene (1589 – 1596) Spenserian stanza: 8 lines + 1 Spenserian stanza: 8 lines + 1 iambic pentameter iambic pentameter ababbcbc + alexandrine c ababbcbc + alexandrine c - Amoretti (1595) - Amoretti (1595) - Epithalamion - Epithalamion - Prothalamion - Prothalamion

7. 2. Sir Philip Sidney (1554 – 1586): 2. Sir Philip Sidney (1554 – 1586): - Astrophel - Astrophel - Stella - Stella - Arcadia - Arcadia - Defence of Poesie (an essay) - Defence of Poesie (an essay) 3. Sir Walter Raleigh (1552 – 1618): 3. Sir Walter Raleigh (1552 – 1618): - The Discovery of the Empire of Guiana - The Discovery of the Empire of Guiana - History of yhe World - History of yhe World 4. Thomas Campion (1567 – 1620): - songs - songs 5. Michael Drayton (1563 -1631): - songs - songs

8.  Drama Precursors of Shakespeare: 1.John Lily (1554 – 1606) - Euphues - Euphues - Endymion (myth) - Endymion (myth) 2. George Peele (1558 – 1597) - David and Bethsabe (old mistery) - David and Bethsabe (old mistery) 3. Robert Green (1560 – 1592) - Friar Bacon and Friar Bangay (love story) - Friar Bacon and Friar Bangay (love story) - James IV (history) - James IV (history) 4. Thomas Lodge (1558 – 1625) - A Looking Glass for London and England (+Green) - A Looking Glass for London and England (+Green) - Rosalinde (pastoral romance) - Rosalinde (pastoral romance)

9. 5. Thomas Nash (1567 – 1601): - The Life of Jack Wilton (1594) - The Life of Jack Wilton (1594) picaresque novel picaresque novel 6. Thomas Dekker (1570 – 1632): - The Bachelor’s Banquet (tragic comedy) - The Bachelor’s Banquet (tragic comedy) 7. Thomas Kyd (1558 – 1594): - The Tragedy of Blood / The Tragedy of - The Tragedy of Blood / The Tragedy of Revenge Revenge - Spanish Tragedy (a pro-Shakespearean - Spanish Tragedy (a pro-Shakespearean Hamlet) Hamlet) 8. Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 1593): - Tamburlaine ( 1587) - Tamburlaine ( 1587) - Doctor Faustus (1588) - Doctor Faustus (1588) - The Jew of Malta (1590) - The Jew of Malta (1590) - Edward II (1591) - Edward II (1591)

11. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564 – 1616)  Concerning the Form: - Blank verse - Blank verse - Heroic couplets - Heroic couplets  Concerning the Plot: The idea and the subject of the story are taken from The idea and the subject of the story are taken from - the history - the history - novels (esp. Italy and France) - novels (esp. Italy and France) - romances - romances -daily life -daily life - heroes from England’s history - heroes from England’s history

12.  Style of Writing: - poetic drama - poetic drama - beauty, spontaneity and passion - beauty, spontaneity and passion to strictness of order to strictness of order - formal and dignified language of - formal and dignified language of the classics the classics - followed the fashion of the time - followed the fashion of the time  Concerning the extent of work: - 37 plays:16 comedies - 37 plays:16 comedies 10 tragedies 11 historical - 2 long narrative poems - 2 long narrative poems - 154 sonnets + other poems - 154 sonnets + other poems

13. Shakespeare’s Plays  t t t the Brilliant Apprentice (26 – 30): - 1590-1594: Venus and Adonis (1593) Lucrece (1594) King Henry Love Labour’s Lost The Comedy of Errors (1592- 1594) Two Gentlemen of Verona

14. TTTThe Successful Craftsman (30 – 36) - 1594-1600: Midsummer Night’s Dream Much Ado about Nothing As You Like It Twelfth Night Merchant of Venice Richard II (1596) Henry V (1598-99) Romeo and Juliet Julius Caesar (1598-99) Taming of the Shrew (1594-97) Marry Wives of Windsor (1597-1600)

15.  The Accomplished Master (36 – 43) - 1600 - 1607: - 1600 - 1607: Hamlet (1600-01) Hamlet (1600-01) All’s Well that Ends Well (1600- All’s Well that Ends Well (1600- 04) 04) Troilus and Cressida (1601-03) Troilus and Cressida (1601-03) Measure to Measure (1603-04) Measure to Measure (1603-04) Othelo (1604-05) Othelo (1604-05) King Lear (1605-06) King Lear (1605-06) Macbeth (1605-06) Macbeth (1605-06)

16.  The Ease of Genius (43 – 49) - 1607 – 1613: - 1607 – 1613: Antony and Cleopatra (1607- Antony and Cleopatra (1607- 08) 08) Timon of Athens (1608-10) Timon of Athens (1608-10) Pericles Pericles Coriolanus Coriolanus Cymbeline Cymbeline The Winter’s Tale (1610-11) The Winter’s Tale (1610-11) The Tempest (1611-12) The Tempest (1611-12) Henry VIII (1612-13) Henry VIII (1612-13)

17. The Great Art of Shakespeare  The universality of his genius: tragedies tragedies comedies comedies historical plays historical plays narrative verse narrative verse sonnets sonnets  His profound insight into the psychology of man, and his characters are the real men and women with complex personality  His characters are as a rule so well conceived  Enormous dramatic tension dramatic irony  The dialogue form highest perfection in a complete harmony of poetry and drama

19. Shakespeare’s Contemporaries George Chapman (translator of Homer) - a pleasant wit - a pleasant wit - a sober manner - a sober manner - a graceful style of in comedies: - a graceful style of in comedies: 1.Al Fooles (1605) 2.Monsieur d’Olive (1606) 3.The Gentleman Usher (1606) - tragedies: - tragedies: 1.Bussy d’Ambois (1598) 2.The Revenge of Bussy d’Ambois (1613) 3.Conspiracie and Tragedie of Charles (1608) 4.Duke of Byron (1608) 5.Marshall of France (1608)

20. Ben Jonson (1573 – 1639) - concept of Humor: - concept of Humor: 1.Every Man in His Humor (1598) 2.Every Man out of His Humor (1599) 3.Cynthia’s Revels (1601) 4.Poetaster (1602) 5.Volpone, or the Fox 6.Epicaene, or the Silent Woman (1606) 7.The Alchemist (1610) 8.Bartholomew Fayre (1614) - tragedy: - tragedy: 1.Sejanus (1603) 2.Catiline (1611) 3.Julius Caesar (1599) 4.The Sad Shepherd (unfinished)

21. John Marston (1575 – 1634) - melodrama: - melodrama: 1.Antonio and Mellida (1600) 2.Antonio’s Revenge (1600) - a tragi-comedy - a tragi-comedy - a violent comedy: - a violent comedy: 1.The Malcontent (1601) - cynisism: - cynisism: 1.The Dutch Courtezan (1605) 2.The Honest Whore (with Dekker) 3.Parasitaster, or the Fawne (1606) - comedy of manner: - comedy of manner: 1.Eastward Hoe

22. Thomas Middleton (1580 – 1627) - comedies: - comedies: 1.Michaelmas Terme (1604) 2.A Trick to Catch The Old One (1606) 3.A Mad World 4.My Masters, Your Five Gallants 5.A chast Mayd John Fletcher (1579 – 1625): 1.Tragedie of Valentinian (1614) 2.The Tragedie of Bonduca (1614) 3.The Loyal Subject (1618) 4.The Humorous Lieutenant (1619) 5.Monsieur Thomas (1621) 6.The Pilgrim 7.The Wild-goose Chase

23. Philip Massinger (1583 – 1639) - comedies: - comedies: 1.A New Way to Pay Old Debts (1626) 2.The City Madam (1632) 3.The Guardian (1633) 4.The Fatall Dowry (1619) 5.The Duke of Millaine (1620) 6.The Unnatural Combat (1621) 7.The Maid of Honour (1626) 8.The Bond-Man (1623) 9.The Renegado (1624) 10.The Roman Actor (1626) 11.The Picture (1629)

24. John Ford (1586 – 1639): 1.Perkin Warback 2.The Lover’s Melancholy 3.‘Tis Pity Shee’s a Whore 4.The Broken Heart James Shirley (1596 – 1666): 1.The Traytor (1631) 2.The Cardinall (1631) 3.The Wedding 4.Changes 5.Hyde Park 6.The Gamester 7.The Lady of Pleasure 8.The Young Admirall 9.The Opportunitie 10.The Imposture

25. METAPHYSICAL POETRY  Characteristics: - metaphysical conceit - metaphysical conceit - obscure language - obscure language - metaphor - metaphor  Poets 1.John Donne (1572 – 1631) - Elegies, satyres, divine poems - Elegies, satyres, divine poems 2. George Herbert (1593 – 1633) - The Temple - The Temple - The Pulley - The Pulley

26. Andrew Marvell (1621 – 1678): 1.To His Coy Mistress Abraham Cowley (1618 – 1667): 1.Pindarique Odes 2.Miscellanies 3.Ode to the Royal Society John Milton (1608 – 1674) - religious poem: - religious poem: 1.Ode on the Morning of Christ’s Nativity 2.L’Allegro 3.Il Penseroso 4.Arcades 5.Comus (1634) 6.Lycidas (1637) 7.Paradise Lost (1667) 8.Paradise Regained (1671) 9.Samson Agonistes (1671)

27. The Anglican Poets  George Herbert (1593 – 1633)  Richard Crashaw (1612 –1649): 1.Music’s Duel 2.Wishes to a supposed Mistress 3.The Weeper 4.The Flaming Heart  Henry Vaughan (1622 – 1695) - secular verses, myticism: - secular verses, myticism: 1.Scintillans 2.The Retreat

28.  Francis Quarles (1592 – 1644): 1.Emblems (1635)  Andrew Marvell (1621 –1678)  Abraham Cowley (1618 – 1667)  Sir John Denham (1615 – 1669) - descriptive, didactic poems: - descriptive, didactic poems: 1.Cooper’s Hill (1642)

29. The Cavalier Poets  Sir John Suckling (1609 – 1642): 1.A Ballad upon a Wedding  Thomas Carew (1598 – 1639): 1.Ask me no more 2.When Thou, poor Excommunicate 3.Read in These Roses the Sad Story  Robert Herrick (1591 – 1674): 1.Hesperides/Works both humane and divine (1648) 2.The Hock-cart or Harvest Home 3.Corinna’s going a-Maying  Richard Lovelace (1618 – 1658): 1.To Althea from Prison

30. The End of the Renaissance  Prose Sir Thomas Browne (1603 – 1682) - a physician, theologian/preacher: - a physician, theologian/preacher: 1.Pseudo-doxia Epidemica (1646) 2.Religio Medici (1643) 3.The Garden of Cyrus 4. Hydriotaphia Jeremy Taylor (1613 – 1667) - Anglican prosaist, dreamer: - Anglican prosaist, dreamer: 1.Liberty of Prophesying (1646) 2.Holy Living (1650) 3.Holy Dying (1651) 4.The Marriage Ring

31.  Francis Bacon (1567 – 1626) - lawyer, statesman, philosopher: - lawyer, statesman, philosopher: 1.Essays 2.The Advancement of Learning  John Bunyan (1628 – 1688) - a traveling thinker, Puritan preacher, allegorist (49 books): - a traveling thinker, Puritan preacher, allegorist (49 books): 1.The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678) 2.Everyman 3.The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680) 4.Grace Abounding (1666) 5.The Holy War (1682)

32. Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) - philosophy: - philosophy: 1.Elements of Law, Natural and Politics (1640) 2.Leviathan (1651) Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty (1611 – 1660) 1.Church History of Britain (1655-6) 2.Holy and Profane State (1642) 3.The History of the Worthies of England (1662) Izaac Walton (1593 – 1683) 1.The Compleat Angler (1653)

33.  Drama - the decay of drama: - the decay of drama: no drama produced no drama produced closing of the theatres closing of the theatres -Drama was restored by John -Drama was restored by John Dryden in the Restoration period Dryden in the Restoration period