1. Essential Question:
What impact did the spread of communism into Asia impact the Cold War?
Warm Up Question:

2. The Cold War was a conflict of rival ideologies between the USA & USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1991
Early in the Cold War from 1945 to 1949, the focus of the conflict was on Europe
The United States used the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, & NATO to successfully contain communism in Europe

3. Beginning in 1949, however, containment seemed to fail as communism spread to China, Korea, & Vietnam in Asia

4. For almost 2,000 years, China was the world’s most dominant empire because of trade along the silk road & the power of the ruling dynasties

5. In the 1600 & 1700s, European nations became powerful, began exploring, & claiming colonies
The Industrial Revolution in the 1700s & 1800s made Europe the center of power in the world

6. Europeans used imperialism to control Africa & Asia
Britain used the Opium Wars to claim trade rights in China
By 1900, China was weak & divided into spheres of influence

7. A group of reformers called nationalists called for changes
In 1912, Sun Yat-sen ended the Chinese dynastic system & created a democracy called the Republic of China

8. But, the republic did not modernize China & led to an era of chaos
In the 1920s, nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek took over & ran China as a dictatorship
Meanwhile, communism was growing in China under the leadership of Mao Zedong
Mao’ s Communist Party gained popularity among poor peasants by offering to redistribute land from wealthy warlords

9. When WWII began, Chiang & Mao agreed to a truce from 1937 to 1945
From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists & Communists fought in a bloody civil war for control of China
When WWII began, Chiang & Mao agreed to a truce from 1937 to 1945
After WWII, Communists gained support & began to win control of China

10. The three “revolutionary” Communists
In 1949, the Communists won the Civil War & Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of China
Chiang’s gov’t fled China & set up in Taiwan
The USA was shocked when China fell to communism & only recognized the Nationalists as the gov’t of China
The three “revolutionary” Communists
Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin Mao Zedong

11. Based upon this propaganda poster, what changes will Mao propose for China?

12. Mao was determined to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist socialism
He seized land from the rich & divided the land among the poor peasants
Mao followed Stalin’s example by creating collective farms & a Five Year Plan to improve Chinese industry

13. Based upon this propaganda poster, what two things will Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” focus on?

14. In 1958, Mao began a massive program to create agriculture & industry called the “Great Leap Forward”
Millions of Chinese citizens were sent to work on large collective farms to grow food
Other citizens were required to work on massive industrial projects like making iron & steel or building dams & railroads
“Backyard furnaces” to make iron
Image of a “People’s Commune”

15. “Struggle hard for 3 years. Change the face of China
“Struggle hard for 3 years. Change the face of China. Catch up with Britain & America.” --Mao, 1958

16. Mao’s Great Leap Forward started well…

17. …but, the it required forced labor & led to lots of suffering by millions of Chinese citizens

18. The Great Leap Forward was a failure & led severe food shortages, famine, & poor quality industry

19. Mao ended the Great Leap Forward after three years
Chinese peasants

20. Based upon this image, what was purpose of Mao’s “Cultural Revolution”?

21. After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao began the Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976)
The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to emphasize Mao’s strict socialist ideas & attack traditional Chinese ideas
Mao distributed to all Chinese citizens the “Little Red Book,” a book of his quotes that reinforced what was acceptable for Chinese communists

22. After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao began the Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976)
Mao targeted young people & many joined the Red Guards, a group to protected the culture of the revolution
Red Guards closed schools & universities; burned books; & humiliated, beat, killed people who opposed Mao’s ideas

23. Parades united citizens
Attacked teachers, politicians, & critics
The Cultural Revolution unified the Chinese people but also led to the deaths or imprisonment of thousands of citizens
Executing teachers, politicians, critics

25. Even without Mao, China remains a Communist nation today
In 1976, Mao Zedong died & was followed by more moderate Communist officials
Even without Mao, China remains a Communist nation today

26. Closure Activity
Read each of the quotations provided and match the quote with the appropriate historical event:
Fall of Dynastic China
Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

27. Quote #1 Fall of Dynastic China Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

28. Quote #2 Fall of Dynastic China Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

29. Quote #3 Fall of Dynastic China Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

30. Quote #4 Fall of Dynastic China Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

31. Quote #5 Fall of Dynastic China Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

32. Quote #6 Fall of Dynastic China Communist Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution

33. Essential Question:
What impact did the spread of communism into Asia impact the Cold War?
CPWH Agenda for Unit 13.2:
Clicker preview questions
“Cold War in Asia” notes
Today’s HW: 33.3
Unit 13 Test: Tuesday, May 3

34. The fall of China to communism had a major impact on the Cold War between the USA & USSR

35. The USA acted when communism threatened Korea
The U.S. response to the fall of China was to more aggressively confront communism the world
The USA was afraid of a “domino theory” in which communist nations turn their neighbors communist
As a result, the USA vowed to contain the spread of communism anywhere in the world
The USA acted when communism threatened Korea

36. In 1950, North Korea (using Soviet supplied weapons) crossed the 38° & attacked South Korea
During World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control by the U.S. army in the South & the Soviet army in the North
When South Korea appealed to the United Nations, the USA sent troops to Korea to contain communism
But, when the USA pushed too close to China, the Chinese Army entered the war & helped North Korea
After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38° with a communist gov’t in North Korea & a democracy in South Korea

37. The USA successfully stopped communism from spreading into South Korea & showed that it was willing to fight to contain communism
Today, Korea remains divided between a communist North & a democratic South
After 3 years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed to in 1953, the fighting stopped, & the 38° was restored as the boundary between North & South Koreas

38. The fighting in Korea convinced many nations to not choose a side during the Cold War
These “neutral” countries during the Cold War were known as the “non-aligned nations”
While Korea was a success, the Cold War would escalate in the 1950s & 1960s as communism threatened Africa, Southeast Asia, & Latin America