1. Time Packaging and Recreation - Who is a Tourist? Discussion of time packages - leaving off with vacation time - implication that greater time can be spent travelling Therefore the introduction of tourism and the tourist - a subset of recreation (a specific type of activity) Definition of a Tourist?

2. Lawson and Baud-Bovey Typology of Recreationists and Tourists 1DAILY RECREATION –Close to home for short periods of travel –No significant travel - expect high frequency 2ONE DAY EXCURSIONS –Close to home - no overnight stay –evident travel component

3. Lawson and Baud-Bovey Typology of Recreationists and Tourists 3WEEKENDERS –Holidays away from home but frequent/close –cottagers? 4VACATIONS –Holidays far from home –Significant travel - infrequent and longer duration

4. Lawson and Baud-Bovey Typology of Recreationists and Tourists The first two types could be classified as recreationists The second two as tourists (note the ease of finding exceptions) Emphasis on DURATION, FREQUENCY, DISTANCE

5. TOURISM Tourism is a ‘style’ of recreation Characterized by –a travel component –a temporary relocation of residence

6. Type of Trip & Positive and Negative Aspects Positive aspect refers to adding ‘utility’ to the trip Negative aspect refers to the addition of costs or constraints of the trip Vacation as example. Slightly positive flat line until near the end when it turns negative

7. Each individual has an optimum distance - linked to the type of transport –if this is exceeded then the extra is seen as quite negative –interesting problem when ‘groups’ (family, friends, associations) travel together Say planning for a coach tour

8. Vacation Trip Optimum (maximum) vacation site where lines cross Return journey - still positive but lower (probably less stops on way home)

9. Day Trip Note links to Boltzman Curve - short moves - effort is high for return value Comfort zone for day trips above line Note lower return - urge to get home

10. Work Trip Entire journey is negative. Outbound increasingly more negative Inbound quick escalation and then flatter closer to home

11. Implications A theoretical structure that depends on these theories would produce specific location zones for time oriented facilities A link between distance and supply

12. Zones Associated with Travel Greer and Wall 1979

13. Complications Picture is clouded as the more distance one covers (say by driving) the more area covered and theoretically the more facilities available Therefore distance (constraint?) interacts with supply

14. Results A ‘cone of visitation’ is produced that depends on: 1Nature of the Activity 2Sensitivity of the activity to distance (link to participants) *THERE IS NO SIMPLE DISTANCE DECAY FUNCTION

15. CONCLUSIONS Demand is a function of Distance Decay Supply is a function of available space –Cost of Land (may be extensive - golf) –Specialized sites availability (fishing, downhill skiing) –Attractive space (resorts)

16. LEISURE AND RECREATION Release away from work State of Mind Impact on fairly high % of Canadians

17. Complications Problems of time and its structure –individual increases –growing population –changes in ‘packaging’ –additional pressures on ‘free’ time Problems of measuring ‘State of Mind”

18. Additional Concerns & Complications Current Data Base –Most data sets are for recreation, not leisure –Concentration on activity –Plethora of private involvement - with very small operations

19. 100,000Best estimates are that there are about 100,000 separate tourism related businesses in Canada under 25 individualsMost employ under 25 individuals Most are separate and competitive rather than co-operative Therefore - not organized and no over-all data base