1. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth The IGOS Geohazards Theme Stuart Marsh, British Geological Survey (BGS) Chairman, IGOS Geohazards Team Marc Paganini, European Space Agency (ESA) Co-chairman, IGOS Geohazards Team Robert Missotten, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Co-chairman, IGOS Geohazards Team

2. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth The IGOS Geohazards initiative UNESCO, CEOS and ICSU initiated and scoped the IGOS Geohazards Theme in 2001. An Ad-hoc Working Group was formed, held an international workshop in Frascati (Rome), and delivered a proposal to the IGOS partnership in May 2002. An IGOS Geohazards Theme Team with BGS-ESA-UNESCO as co-Chairs and an ESA-supported Secretariat was set up. The Theme Team, representing 20 organisations, worked for 1 year with regular meetings. A Theme Report was delivered to the IGOS Partners in May 2003 for provisional endorsement. An international peer review took place during the summer 2003. The Geohazards Theme Report was then finalised, submitted to the IGOS partners and approved in November 2003.

3. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth The IGOS Geohazards theme report Context, scope and strategic objectives Beneficiaires, stakeholders and user needs Required observations and key systems Integration issues Filling the gaps Implementation plan and commitments to act

4. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth IGOS Geohazards scope Which Geohazards?  the 3 main geohazards: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Ground Instabilities International Charter on Space and Major Disasters International Charter on Space and Major Disasters Building on previous works  International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)  CEOS Disaster Management Support Group (DMSG) Why different Geohazards in a single theme?  all driven by geological / geophysical processes  share ground deformation as a common thread  similar ground and satellite based observations systems Which phases?  Preparedness / mitigation, mapping, monitoring, and forecasting / prediction  support to disaster response and to risk assessment Close links with complementary initiatives  UN Action Team on Disaster Management  International Charter on Space and Major Disasters  other IGOS Themes (e.g. tsunamis with ocean team)

5. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Strategic objectives IGOS Mission Statement: Develop a global strategy, for the next decade, to better integrate current disparate, multi-disciplinary, applied research into operational systems for an optimum exploitation of observations and exchange of knowledge  Building capacity  Improving observations  Integrating effort  Promoting actions Aims to increase capacity of all nations to manage risks related to their geohazards Ultimately, this will release resources for other issues, like sustainable development 4 lines of actions

6. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Beneficiaries, Stakeholders, Users Citizens are the ultimate beneficiaries of the strategy But to deliver its benefit to society the strategy aims at 3 types of users:  Responsible Authorities  Responsible Authorities, who are provided with key information by … Scientists in Monitoring and Advisory Agencies  …Scientists in Monitoring and Advisory Agencies, who are provided with geohazards knowledge by … Research Scientists  …Research Scientists Other key stakeholders addressed are the IGOS Partners and the data suppliers (in-situ, airborne, satellite-based)

7. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth User shared needs Citizen’s questions are:  What will happen? How?  Where? Over what area?  When? For how long? User’s have shared needs:  Baseline hazard inventory  Ongoing monitoring of a hazard against baseline  Rapid information supply during a crisis The three types of users have specific needs that are detailed in the report

8. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth User needs (earthquake hazard) Type of userNeeds for seismic crisis responseNeeds for seismic hazard assessments Responsible Authorities  Clear, authoritative information on the location and magnitude of the shock and the timeframe (in days) of aftershocks.  Post-event maps (shake maps, damaged/ affected areas, identification of safe areas).  Hazard zonation maps (in paper maps or GIS databases).  Maps for various secondary effects of seismic hazards (landslides, liquefaction etc.).  Ultimate need: reliable prediction of events. Scientists in monitoring and advisory agencies  All data available, in as near to real-time as possible, on the following in particular: seismicity, intensity, strain, DEMs, soil type, moisture conditions, infrastructure and population.  Compilation of seismic archives.  Base maps (geological, soil, active faults, hydrological, DEMs) and conceptual models.  Monitoring of post-seismic events to identify fault geometry.  Continuous monitoring of deformation, seismicity and other geophysical and geochemical parameters. Research scientists  All data relevant to their research, collected in real time but accessed when needed.  Feedback on performance of models and scenarios.  Same as above.  Feedback on the performance of conceptual models etc.

9. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Most required observations Four common observational requirements but at different scales: Baseline Topography  Baseline against which to measure change  Modelling of gravity process, visualisation Baseline Mapping  Geology, structure, soils, faults, fractures  Regional to local scales Deformation Monitoring  Sudden change (catastrophic events)  Gradual (on going processes, precursors) Seismic Monitoring  Seismic magnitude  Depth and location in the subsurface + Hazard(s) specific: thermal, gasses, physical properties + Hazard(s) specific: thermal, gasses, physical properties Topography Deformation Mapping Seismicity

10. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Key observational systems the Key observational systems are described in the report: Baseline Topography  Stereoscopy (Photogrammetry, Optical stereoscopy, Radargrammetry), Altimetry, LiDAR, Radar interferometry.  Ground-based surveying tools (levelling, GPS, etc.) Baseline Mapping  Aerial photography and field work.  Various airborne & spaceborne EO sensors. Deformation Monitoring  Radar Differential Interferometry (DINSAR), multi- interferogrammes techniques (e.g. Permanent Scatterers)  Levelling, EDM measurements, GPS, airborne and terrestrial LiDAR, ground-based INSAR. Seismic Monitoring  In-situ networks of seismometers.  Coverage, density, real time data.

11. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Integration issues Better infrastructures are required to turn observations into useful information products for end users The Report considers 3 main integration issues:  Data Management:  Data Management: establishment of strategic data sets: long term; complete; global; validated; geographically registered; accessible; and visible.  Integration and Modelling:  Integration and Modelling: improved knowledge, on which to base hazard models; software to turn data into information products; shared knowledge and experience, an integrated scientific community.  Capacity Building:  Capacity Building: creation of a global geohazards community to support transfer of geohazards data, information, knowledge and technology to users in all countries.

12. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Gap analysis Existing Observations  e.g. No global high resolution topographic dataset Key Observation systems  e.g. lack of continuity of L and C band INSAR Data Management  e.g. Too few archives are visible and fit for purpose Integration and Modelling  e.g. In-situ and EO integration happens rarely Building the Geohazards Community  e.g. No global mechanism to implement strategy Science Research Agenda  e.g. Models, knowledge not yet adequate for prediction

13. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth 02.83 cm Akutan Co-event deformation mapped by ERS (C-band, = 5.66 cm) InSAR

14. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth 011.76 cm Akutan Co-event deformation mapped by JERS (L-band, = 23.53 cm) InSAR

15. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Implementation plan highlights Commence capacity building through IGOS  Develop GARS as implementation mechanism Maximise existing observations  Seek release of SRTM and ASTER DEMs Lobby for new observation tools  L-band radar satellites and C-band INSAR continuity Promote integration of data into products  Integration of INSAR with GPS networks Improve Infrastructures  Support WOVO and use as a template Increase knowledge of geohazard processes  Define a global geohazards research agenda

16. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Detailed plan for 2004 IGOS Geohazards Team Secretariat publish theme report, update website, by Q1 2004 Establish IGOS Geohazards Bureau, by end Q2 2004  ESA will fund a Bureau to support the implementation of IGOS Geohazards for three years  This will have a full time staff member, dedicated to IGOS Geohazard Theme implementation Consolidate observational requirements, by the end of 2004 Hold Theme Launch Workshop, before the end of 2004 Establish implementation mechanism for the Theme (complete the modification of the GARS program) Establish Steering Committee and Working Groups

17. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Where to get the Final Report? Final Report on line at: Final Report on line at: http://dup.esrin.esa.it/ IGOS-Geohazards For more information: For more information: igos@esa.int Geohazards Theme Schedule / Docs

18. For the monitoring of our environment from Space and from Earth Thank you to many colleagues… NOAA for kicking this initiative off ESA, ICSU, UNESCO, IUGS & GARS for support Theme Team colleagues from: BNSC, BRGM, CCRS, CNES, CNR, DMT, IPG-P, ITC, MRAM, NPA, RAS, USGS & Universities: Basilicata (Italy) & Bonn (Germany) Workshop Participants… …and International Peer Reviewers… …giving us input from every region of the globe!