1. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 1Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt The nominal (rated) sensitivity  The nominal (rated) sensitivity C nom is given by the span between the output signal at nominal (rated) torque M nom and at zero torque related to nominal (rated) torque M nom. Output signal at zero torque S 0 Output signal at nominal (rated) torque S n Characteristic curve (increasing torque) Ideal straight Actual straight Sensitivity tolerance Nominal (rated) torque M nom Actual signal span Nominal signal span

2. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 2Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt The nominal (rated) sensitivity

3. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 3Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt 15kHz 10kHz 5kHz +10V 0V -10V -M n +M n 0 -M n +M n 0 The nominal (rated) sensitivity

4. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 4Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt The sensitivity tolerance  The sensitivity tolerance d C is the permissible deviation of the actual output signal span at nominal (rated) torque M nom from the nominal output signal span.

5. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 5Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt  The linearity deviation including hysteresis d lh is the maximum deviation of the output signal value from the reference straight line which is the best-fit straight line through the starting point. The parameter d lh is specified as a percentage of the nominal (rated) sensitivity C nom. Linearity deviation including hysteresis Output signal at zero torque S 0 Ascending series (increasing torque) Descending series (decreasing torque) Reference straight Output signal at nominal (rated) torque S n

6. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 6Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Linearity deviation including hysteresis

7. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 7Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Temperature effects  The temperature effect on the zero signal TK 0 is the variation of the unloaded transducers output signal related to the nominal (rated) sensitivity C nom, caused by a 10K change in temperature. Output signal Torque TK 0

8. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 8Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Temperature effects

9. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 9Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Temperature effects Output signal Torque TK C  The temperature effect on the sensitivity TK C is the variation of the loaded transducers output signal related to the actual value of signal span, caused by a 10K change in temperature.

10. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 10Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Temperature effects

11. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 11Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Temperature effects  Both temperature effects appear together. Output signal Torque TK 0 + TK C

12. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 12Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt The relative standard deviation of the repeatability S 1,100% S 1,50% S 2,100% S 2,50% S n,50% S n,100% Time 100% Torque 50% 0 Arithmetic mean of the measuring signal S i at 50% or 100% of nominal (rated) torque, n = number of measurements

13. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 13Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt The relative standard deviation of the repeatability

14. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 14Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Load limits Nominal (rated) torque Maximum service torque (see amplifier) Limit torque Breaking torque Torque Capable to measure, limit values maintained Capable to measure, limit values not maintained No permanent variation or damagePermanent variation or damage possible Mechanical destruction possible Not capable to measure 0 see data sheet

15. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 15Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Load limits

16. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 16Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt  The axial limit force F a is the maximum permissible longitudinal force.  The lateral limit force F r is the maximum permissible radial force.  The bending limit moment M b is the maximum permissible bending moment.  If one of the above parameters is exceeded, the ability of the transducer to measure may be permanently damaged.  The permissible limits of the above parameters get smaller than the specified limits, if at least two of these irregular stresses occur simultaneously or if the nominal (rated) torque is exceeded. Load limits – parasitic loads

17. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 17Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Load limits – parasitic loads

18. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 18Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Load limits – parasitic loads

19. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 19Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Load limits – permissible oscillation bandwith Torque Time + 5kNm - 5kNm Example: torque flange T10FS / 5kNm, oscillation bandwith (peak to peak): 8.000Nm 8kNm  The permissible oscillation bandwith is the oscillation amplitude of a sinusoidally varying torque, with which the transducer can be stressed for at least 1010 6 vibration cycles without causing any significant variations in its metrological properties.

20. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 20Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Load limits – permissible oscillation bandwith

21. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 21Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt Torsional stiffness  The torsional stiffness c T describes the relation between torque and elastic torsion over the axis of rotation.

22. Torque Seminar 24.05.2015, Page. 22Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbHKlaus Weissbrodt  The mass moment of inertia J is a measure of the resistance that a body presents to a rotary acceleration. Mass moment of inertia