1. UNIT 7 & 8 REVIEW

2. Compare and contrast the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson Q#1

3. Thesis
While the foreign policies of Roosevelt and Wilson were both heavily involved internationally in their political relations, Roosevelt’s policy created a more aggressive approach than Wilson’s diplomatic policies, which were more concerned with spreading American values.

4. Theodore Roosevelt
Big Stick Policy: Roosevelt focused on correcting other nations
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Panama Canal
Gave money so the Panamians would rebel against Colombia so that the U.S could get the land to build the canal
Hay Buanu- Varilla Treaty: Assured long term control over canal zone for U.S.
Hay Pauncefote Treaty: U.S does not share Panama Canal with Britain
Root-Takahara Agreement: Open door policy between U.S and Japan that defined boundaries in the Pacific.
Platt Amendment: U.S interferes in Cuban affairs
Ignored the Teller Amendment

5. Woodrow Wilson Moral Diplomacy: Spread Democracy 14 Points
League of Nations (“Peace without victory”)
Recommendations for adjusting post war boundaries
International Principles to govern future conduct
Restriction on Submarine Warfare
Though Germany sunk the Lusitania, Arabic and Sussex the U.S still did not go to war
Not until Germany declared “unrestricted sub activity”
“Make the world safe for democracy”

6. Similarities Both interested in economic expansion Both intervenists
Virgin Islands (Wilson) and Panama Canal (Roosevelt)
Both intervenists
Both had relations with foreign countries
Both moved away from previous isolationist values
Ignored the G.W- Farewell Address

7. Prompt #2
Describe and account for the rise in nativism in American society from

8. Thesis Q#2
During the time period of 1900 through 1930 nativism was on the rise because of social factors that linked immigration with radicalism and economic issues from an overpopulation of immigrants flooding the workforce that were taking jobs that were to be deemed for “native” Americans. The fears of communism led to a sharp reaction of prejudice and hate for immigrants, political actions decreasing the amount of immigrants allowed in the U.S, and the exclusion of foreign ideals. .

9. Social KKK -1920’s: harassed immigrants Eugenics
-Produce new breeds/races
-Remove bad characteristics
100% Americanism
-Anti-immigrant sentiment
Federal Commission of “experts”
-Said immigrants are less likely to assimilate in society
Anti-Catholicism
-Catholics were thought of as incapable of detaching from traditional views aka no independent thought

10. Political 18th amendment prohibition -Limited alcohol use
-Ex: Affected immigrants such as Irish
Officials used Stanford-Binet Test given to army recruits (validate inferiority)
Congress passed an Emergency Immigration Act only allowing 3% of immigrants to enter America based on the 1910 census
The law cut immigration from 800,000 to 300,000
Political injustice towards different ideals of anarchism and communism
-Ex: Sacco & Vanzetti convicted b/c of their ideology
Antiradicalism
-Foreigners were prone to political revolution

11. Economic Immigrants excluded from the unions
High tariffs against other countries
Competition with immigrants for work
-Ex: too many Chinese in labor force = Chinese Exclusion Act of 1902
National Origins Act (limited immigration)
-No more East Asians allowed
-Lowered 1921 quota of 3% to 2% (1924)
Great Depression
-Nativists eagerly sought scapegoats to blame for the hard times

12. Politics, Social Conditions, Working and labor conditions
Prompt #3
Analyze the role that women played in Progressive reforms from the 1880s through Focus your essay on TWO of the following:
Politics, Social Conditions, Working and labor conditions

13. Thesis
During the Progressive Era ( ), women took big roles in progressive era reforms as they created many different organizations to help a wide range of people, including immigrants, the poor and African Americans. They helped change the social structure for women and by doing so, enabled them to receive major support, in government regarding to women’s rights. This ultimately led to significant political changes to the treatment and rights of women in American society.

14. Politics
National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA): demanded for suffrage in “safer” and less threatening ways.
19th amendment: gave political rights to women (voting).
Alice Paul: head of National Women’s Party, argued that the 19th amendment wouldn’t be sufficient to protect women’s rights.
Equal Rights Amendment: constitutional amendment that would provide clear, legal protection for women’s rights and prohibit all discrimination on the basis of sex.
Populist Party: women helped fight for farmer’s rights like Mary Lease.
Suffrage Pageant: more than 5,000 women staged a parade in Washington.
1911 State-Level Reforms: successfully created pensions for widows with dependent children.
Jeanette Rankin: first female elected to the U.S house of representatives.

15. Social Conditions
Women’s Women and Temperance Union: advocated abstinence from harmful substances (alcohol, drugs) of the wage system. 18th Amendment
Divorce rate increased: going from 1/20 marriages to 1/9, by 1960; women initiated the majority of them.
Ida Wells Barnett: most effective women crusader; tried to discredit lynching and challenged segregation.
Jane Adams’ creation of the Hull House: sought to help immigrant families adapt to the language and customs of their new countries.
Birth Control
General Federation of Women’s Clubs (GFWC): coordinated activities of local organizations.
National Association of Colored Women: took positions on issues of particular concern to African Americans (lynching/segregation).
Social Gospel Movement: often guided by women.

16. Prompt 4: Progressivism VS The New Deal
Compare and contrast the programs and policies of reformers of the Progressive Era to those designed by reformers of the New Deal period. Confine your answer to programs and policies that addressed the needs of those living in poverty.

17. Thesis
The progressive policies were similar, but different, to those designed by New Deal reformers. Progressive programs aimed at enforcing the “social gospel” and equalizing society, while the policies of New-Dealism aimed at maintaining the disconsolate, falling economy afloat and improving the financial conditions of those hurt the hardest. Both worked towards helping the poor and yet excluded Africans Americans. Ultimately though the New Deal had stronger policies overall, and was more effective at helping the poor.

18. Similarities Aimed At Helping Poor And Improve Working Conditions
Child Labor Laws
Progressives had Keating-Ownes Act of 1916 – 1st child labor law, but stuck down by the Courts
ND had the NRA strike down child labor and Fair Labor Standard(Claimed it would increase purchasing power, not just done for children.)
AFL and Unions
Progressives-
ND- Section 7(a) of NRA allowed workers to unionize and encouraged many to join unions.
Reforms in The Workplace – Directly impacted needy and abused workers
Progressives- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire led to fire regulation being set in place to prevent loss of future lives
“Square Deal” -
ND - NRA- Set minimum wage
Wanted to Control Big Business and Banks
Progressives- Trustbusters and Antimonopoly worked at controlling and avoiding the monopolization of economy
ND- Glass-Steagall Act- Curbed speculation and loans
Banking Holiday
SEC
Many polices aimed at restoring economy, and no one was safe.

19. “No blacks have a job til every white man” No overturning of Jim Crow
Excluded minorities
Progressivism- Ignored African Americans
Niagara Movement, WEB Dubois, NAACP had a few successful court cases
Ida B Wells couldn’t stop lynching
ND-
First in, first out.
“No blacks have a job til every white man”
No overturning of Jim Crow
Eleanor Roosevelt was the conscience of the New Deal
WPA was the only agency that gave blacks jobs

20. Differences More involved than in Progressivism
New Deal more effective and sweeping USA in economic turmoil -Progressives in pursuit of “social gospel”
AAA, CWA,CCC… New Deal’s “Alphabet Soup”
Helped unemployed and farmers
CCC- Employment for young men who no longer had jobs
FERA Grants- Money to unemployed
Invested in public works directly
AAA- Helped regulate and improve the agricultural industry
Helped the failing poor more than Progressivism.
Reforms extended beyond any established by progressives
AAA finally helped the farmers more, but very poorly managed
Shooting cows and covering them up.
Rotting crops and spilled milk
More involved than in Progressivism
Progressives failed to pass as many sweeping reforms as FDR in such a short time. Hard times call foe desperate measures.

21. Welfare State Created by New Deal - Directly to source; No longer just trickling down
Social Security Act (1935)- Provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children.
Federal Emergency Act (FERA 1933)  distributed millions of dollars of direct aid to unemployed workers.
Progressivism
Social Justice
Social Gospel
Hull House- Jane Adams.
Salvation Army

22. Prompt # 5
Historians have argued that Progressive reforms lost momentum in the 1920s. Evaluate this statement with respect to TWO of the following:
Regulation of Business
Labor
Immigration

23. THESIS Q#5
The statement: “Progressivism reforms lost momentum in the 1920’s” is mostly accurate in that businesses were gaining more power and progressive policies regarding the regulation of business were failing; however, in regards to immigration there were people during Progressivism that wanted to restrict immigration but the 1920’s actually saw the manifestation of heavy immigration restriction and a general dislike of immigrants.

24. Business Pre 1920s Muckrakers Antimonopoly Sherman Anti Trust
Teapot Scandal
Anti-Union Tactics
Veto of McNacy-Haugen Bill
Andrew Mellon
High tariffs
Reduce taxes for the wealthy
"American Plan" resulted in large drop of union memberships.
Failure of the AFL seen as communistic
Hoover only required businesses o voluntary work with the U. govt
But there was some regulation
Film industry regulations (NPAA)
Prohibition
Pre 1920s
Muckrakers
Antimonopoly
Sherman Anti Trust
Clayton Anti Trust
Hepburn Act
Meat Inspection Act
New Nationalism
New Freedom
Underwood Tariff
Federal Reserve Act

25. Immigration Pre 1920s Tried to help immigrants 1920s Didn’t want
Settlement Houses; Hull House; Jane Addams
Didn’t want
Eugenics
Immigration Restriction League unsuccessful
Gentleman’s Agreement was successful in limiting Japanese
Congress tried literacy test for immigrants but failed to get
100% Americanism (dislike Germans)
1920s
National Origins Act
Quota Act
Immigration Act
Red Scare
immigration declined by half
New Klan

26. How did TWO of the following help shape American national culture in the 1920? Advertising, Entertainment, Mass production

27. Thesis Q#6
The 1920’s, considered the “roaring twenties” by historians, truly lived up to its name. People lived a fast paced, overly-indulgent, exaggerated lifestyle, due to advertisement leading to high demands and lavish spending, and the evolution of freedom of expression in the arts and entertainment.

28. Outside information Advertisement Entertainment
First advertising and public relation firms (N.W. Ayer and J. Walter Thompson)
Pioneered by wartime propaganda
Advertised that by purchasing items could be a personally fulfilling and enriching experience.
The Man nobody knows advertising Bruce Barton
Mass circulation of magazines meant more advertisement
Women wearing makeup to enrich their beauty was advertised (changed image)
U.S becomes a consumer economy
Buy on credit
Flappers modern women liberated lifestyle (changed lifestyle)
Hollywood
Radio
500 stations
First commercial radio in America KDKA
National broadcasting company first national radio network
Radio Game show
Jazz singer motion picture
Families would get together and listen together
Harlem Renaissance allowed for African American expression
More leisure time to hang out
Youth make out
Some opposed to the wildness like the “Lost Generation”

29. Analyze the extent to which the Spanish-American war was a turning point in American foreign policy Q#7

30. The Thesis
American foreign policy had changed after the Spanish-American War due to the change from an isolationist state to an imperialist state; moderately through land acquisition, since the U.S had already begun to expand before the war and some Americans opposed it. Mostly, the U.S intervened economically through the establishment of oversea revenue.

31. Points of Information:
Pre-war Isolationism
Economic:
American Industry flourished within the country with limited dependence on other nations.
Railroads were popular to circulate raw materials from state to state within the nation.
Land:
Reconstruction of the United States happened mostly independently after the Civil War. Focus on home
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Manifest Destiny belief held by the United States encouraged expansion throughout the continent.
Annex Hawaii
Gained Alaska

32. Points of Information:
Post-war Imperialism
Economic:
Part of the Treaty of Paris gave the US Cuba for the 20 million dollars.
United Sates took control of Panama Canal to have more power over markets and gain more income.
Puerto Rico’s sugar economy flourished under American rule.
Dollar Diplomacy under Taft
Open Door Notes
Boxer Rebellion
Political:
Cuban-American Treaty gave United States permission to build in parts of Cuba.
Teller Amendment left control of Cuba to its own people.
Platt Amendment took troops out of America after the war.
Treaty of Relations had Cuba agree to many conditions such as reducing infectious diseases and allowing US political involvement.
Annexation of Puerto Rico from the Spanish.
Monroe Doctrine which restricted Europe from intervening in Latin America.
Annexation of Philippine Islands in Asia.
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Anti-Imperialist League consisted of very powerful men against land acquisition.