1. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Introduction to Computer Science Kun-Mao Chao ( 趙坤茂 ) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University, Taiwan E-mail: kmchao@csie.ntu.edu.tw WWW: http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~kmchao

2. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Why is Bill Gates always smiling? Why is he always smiling?

3. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003

4. Chapter 1 Introduction

5. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Understand the concept of a black box, a data processor, and a programmable data processor. Define the von Neumann model and name its components: memory, arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, and input/output. Understand the stored program concept. After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to: O BJECTIVES Understand the sequential execution of statements in a program. Name the components of a computer: hardware, software, and data.

6. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 THE COMPUTER AS A BLOCK BOX THE COMPUTER AS A BLOCK BOX 1.1

7. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Figure 1-1 Data processor model

8. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Figure 1-2 Programmable data processor model

9. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003

10. Figure 1-3 Same program, different data

11. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Figure 1-4 Same data, different programs

12. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 von NEUMANN MODEL MODEL 1.2

13. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 von Neumann

14. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 About John Louis von Neumann ( 馮紐曼  有本科普書介紹這位超人 ) John Louis von Neumann –Born 28 December 1903, Budapest, Hungary; –Died 8 February 1957, Washington DC; –Brilliant mathematician, synthesizer, and promoter of the stored program concept, whose logical design of the IAS became the prototype of most of its successors - the von Neumann Architecture.

15. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Figure 1-5 von Neumann model

16. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 von Neumann Model 四個主要部分 –Memory ( 記憶體 ) –Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU, 運算及邏輯單元 ) –Control Unit (CU, 控制單元 ) –Input/Output (I/O, 輸出入 ) 儲存程式概念 (stored program concept) 循序執行指令 (sequential execution of instructions)

17. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 COMPUTERHARDWARECOMPUTERHARDWARE 1.3

18. 電腦 ( 計算機, Computer)

19. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 螢幕 (Monitor; Screen)

20. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 滑鼠 (Mouse)

21. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 鍵盤 (Keyboard)

22. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 主機 (Computer housing; the computer case; the box)

23. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 印表機 (Printer)

24. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 筆記型電腦 (Notebook)

25. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 無線網卡 (Wireless card)

26. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 個人數位助理 (Personal Digital Assistant; PDA)

27. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 數位相機 (Digital Camera)

28. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 DATADATA 1.4 我們將在後續的幾章中介紹

29. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 COMPUTERSOFTWARECOMPUTERSOFTWARE 1.5

30. Figure 1-6 Program and data in memory

31. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Figure 1-7 Program made of instructions

32. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 HISTORYHISTORY 1.6

33. 最早的計算工具 算盤

34. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Pascaline 法國數學家 Blaise Pascal 於西元 1642 年所發明, 是 一種加法器

35. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Difference Engine Charles Babbage 西元 1823 年所發明

36. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 打孔卡排序工具 Herman Hollerith 於 1890 年所發明

37. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) 第一部將資訊電子化的特定功能電腦 John V. Atanasoff 和 Clifford Berry 於 1939 年 所發明

38. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Turing Machine Alan Turing 在二次大戰時設計, 破解了德國 的 Enigma 密碼

39. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Alan Turing & Me H.A. Newton  E.H. Moore (1885 Yale Univ.)  Oswald Veblen (1903 U. of Chicago)  Alonzo Church (1927 Princeton)  Bob Ritchie (1961 Princeton)  Webb Miller (1968 Washington)  Kun-Mao Chao (1993 Penn State) Alan Turing

40. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Turing Award Nobel prize in computer science ACM's most prestigious technical award is accompanied by a prize of $100,000. It is given to an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field. Financial support of the Turing Award is provided by the Intel Corporation. 西元 1966 年開始

41. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Turing Award 2002 Winners: Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard M. Adleman Donald Knuth 1974 Steven Cook 1982 Ken Thompson & Dannis Ritchie 姚期智院士在西元 2000 年時, 獲頒 Turing Award

42. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 RSA encryption --- 1978 Rivest ShamirAdleman

43. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 RSA factorization challenges 將一個由兩個大質數所乘出來的大數分解回來 e.g., 143  11 x 13 Challenge Number Prize ($US) Challenge Number Prize ($US) RSA-576$10,000RSA-896$75,000 RSA-640$20,000RSA-1024$100,000 RSA-704$30,000RSA-1536$150,000 RSA-768$50,000RSA-2048$200,000

44. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 US$10,000 –– RSA-576 1881988129206079638386972394616504398 0716356337941382700763356422988859715 2346654853190606065047430453173880113 0339671619969232120573403187955065699 621305168759307650257059

45. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 US$200,000 –– RSA-2048 25195908475657893494027183240048398571429282126204 03202777713783604366202070759555626401852588078440 69182906412495150821892985591491761845028084891200 72844992687392807287776735971418347270261896375014 97182469116507761337985909570009733045974880842840 17974291006424586918171951187461215151726546322822 16869987549182422433637259085141865462043576798423 38718477444792073993423658482382428119816381501067 48104516603773060562016196762561338441436038339044 14952634432190114657544454178424020924616515723350 77870774981712577246796292638635637328991215483143 81678998850404453640235273819513786365643912120103 97122822120720357

46. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 你 / 妳缺錢嗎 ? www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/challenges/factoring/

47. To be continued 下週我們會再繼續電腦發展史 下週我們也會談資料表示法及數字表示法

48. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003 先想想看, 讀讀看 從古至今的計算機發展史 下次我們會給個和計算機發展史有關的作 業